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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Osteology (Part 2): Talus > Flashcards

Osteology (Part 2): Talus Flashcards

1
Q

Talus (Astraglus)

A
  • Links leg and foot
  • Transmit forces between foot and leg
  • 2nd largest foot/ankle bone
  • No muscular insertions
  • Multiple ligament attachments
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2
Q

Trabeculae of talus orientated

A
  • Anteriorly toward navicular

- Posteriorly toward calcaneus

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3
Q

3 parts of talus

A
  • Head
  • Body
  • Neck
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4
Q

Head of talus

A
  • Angled anteriorly and medially
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5
Q

Body of talus

A
  • Square shaped portion
  • Articulates with the tibia/fibula
  • Convex anterior to posterior
  • Concave medial to lateral
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6
Q

Neck of talus

A
  • Narrowed portion between the head and body
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7
Q

Talus forms synovial joints with the

A
  • Tibial plafond, medial malleolus and lateral malleolus of fibula (talocrural joint)
  • Calcaneus (subtalar joint)
  • Navicular (midtarsal joint)
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8
Q

Structures of body of talus

A
  • Trochlea (trochlea tail)
  • Lateral malleolar facet
  • Lateral process
  • Medial malleolar facet
  • Posterior process
  • Posterior facet (posterior calcaneal facet)
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9
Q

5 surfaces of body of talus

A
  • Posterior
  • Lateral
  • Inferior
  • Medial
  • Superior
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10
Q

Trochlea (trochlea tali)

A
  • Large cartilage covered superior articular surface
  • Wider anteriorly than posteriorly (wedged-shaped)
  • Articular facet for inferior transverse tibofibular ligament (posterior lateral surface of trochlea)
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11
Q

Trochlea (trochlea tali) articulates with

A
  • Tibial plafond

- Only about 2/3 of trochlea covered by plafond in any position

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12
Q

Lateral malleolar facet

A
  • Concave triangular articular face (apex inferior)
  • Continuous with trochlea
  • Extends onto lateral process
  • Articulates with lateral malleolus
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13
Q

Lateral process of talus body

A
  • Lateral malleolar facet extends onto lateral process (articulates with fibula)
  • Load-bearing structure
  • Contributes to the ankle mortise and lateral part of subtalar joint
  • Lateral talocalcaneal ligament attaches
  • Fracture in “Snowboarders fracture”
  • Dorsiflexion injury
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14
Q

Medial malleolar facet

A
  • Slightly concave, comma-shaped facet (tear-drop shaped) on medial talus
  • Continuous with trochlea
  • Extends more anteriorly than lateral malleolar facet, slightly concave
  • Articulates with medial malleous
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15
Q

Posterior process

A
  • Formed by 2 smaller projections
  • Medial tubercle
  • Lateral tubercle
  • Sulcus (groove) for flexor hallucis longus tendon is between tubercles
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16
Q

Medial tubercle (posterior process)

A
  • Attachment of posterior tibiotalar ligament
17
Q

Lateral tubercle (posterior process)

A
  • Attachment of posterior talofibular ligament
  • Larger than medial (significant enlargement is called Steida’s process)
  • Fracture of lateral tubercle is called “Shepard’s Fracture”
  • Os trigonum (accessory ossicle, failure of fusion of lateral tubercle)
18
Q

Posterior facet of talus (posterior calcaneal facet)

A
  • Located on the inferior surface of the body
  • Large concave facet
  • Articulates with the posterior facet of calcaneus (posterior talar facet)
  • Subtalar joint (anatomic subtalar joint)
19
Q

Neck (collum tail)

A
  • Begins at the anterior border of trochlea
  • Not in line with or in the same horizontal plane as body
  • Foramina for nutrient vessels (fracture can cause AVN of the talus)
20
Q

Neck (collum tail) angles

A
  • In the horizontal plane, shifted medially compared to the body
  • In the sagittal plane, angled inferiorly
  • Angled 10-20⁰ (larger in children) medially from longitudinal axis (neck and head)
21
Q

Neck (collum tail) is an attachment point for

A
  • Cervical ligament

- Part of the inferior extensor retinaculum

22
Q

Sulcus tali

A
  • Groove on inferior surface that runs anterolaterally
  • Wider laterally
  • Multiple ligament attachments
23
Q

Sulcus tali runs between

A
  • Anterior/middle facets of talus

- Posterior facets of talus

24
Q

Sulcus tali combines with calcaneal sulcus to form

A
  • Tarsal Canal

- Sinus tarsi

25
Q

Head of talus is palpable between

A
  • Sustentaculum tali

- Navicular tuberosity

26
Q

Structures of head of talus

A
  • Navicular articular surface
  • Anterior/middle facet of talus
  • Articular facet for spring ligament
  • Angle of talar torsion
27
Q

Navicular articular surface

A
  • Located at the anterior end of the head
  • Articulates with navicular
  • Continuous with anterior facet of talus
28
Q

Anterior/middle facet of talus (anterior/middle calcanean facet)

A
  • Located on inferior surface of the head of talus

- Articulates with anterior/middle facet of calcaneus (anterior/middle talar facet)

29
Q

Anterior/middle facet of talus (anterior/middle calcanean facet) can either be

A
  • Confluent with each other
  • Separated by a small ridge
  • Sometimes all 3 anterior, middle, and posterior facets are all confluent
30
Q

Articular facet for spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament)

A
  • Medially located on inferior aspect of talar head

- Articulates with cartilage of spring ligament

31
Q

Angle of talar torsion

A
  • Angle between longitudinal axis of head and transverse plane
  • Head is rotated around talar body
  • Clockwise on the right, counterclockwise on the left
  • ~40-60 degrees
  • Lateral side is more superior
32
Q

Talus blood supply

A
  • Branches from dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, fibular arteries
33
Q

Neck/head of talus blood supply

A
  • Branches from dorsalis pedis (medial/lateral tarsal) and anterior tibial)
  • Artery of tarsal canal and Artery of sinus tarsi
34
Q

Body of talus blood supply

A
  • Deltoid artery
  • Artery of sinus tarsi and artery of tarsal canal directly
  • Other branches from posterior tibial
35
Q

Deltoid artery arises from

A
  • Artery of tarsal canal

- OR directly off posterior tibial

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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