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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Osteology of the Tibia and Fibula > Flashcards

Osteology of the Tibia and Fibula Flashcards

1
Q

Tibia (“shin bone”)

A
  • Long bone with a diaphysis and a proximal and distal epiphyses
  • Transfers majority (~ 85%) of weight between femur and talus
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2
Q

Tibia articulates with

A
  • Femur proximally
  • Fibula proximal and distal
  • Talus inferiorly
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3
Q

Anterior proximal structures of tibia

A
  • Medial/lateral condyles
  • Intercondylar eminence
  • Anterior/posterior intercondylar fossae (surface)
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Gerdy’s tubercle (tubercle of iliotibial tract)
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4
Q

Medial condyle

A
  • Larger with larger articular surface
  • Oval shaped
  • Palpable
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5
Q

Lateral condyle

A
  • Smaller than medial
  • Circular shaped articular surface
  • Palpable
  • Contains fibular facet
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6
Q

Fibular facet

A
  • Inferior surface of lateral condyle

- Articulates with fibular head

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7
Q

Intercondylar eminence

A
  • Located between condyles

- Medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles

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8
Q

Anterior and posterior intercondylar fossae (surface)

A
  • Anterior and posterior to intercondylar eminence

- Attachment of cruciate ligaments and horns of menisci

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9
Q

Tibial tuberosity

A
  • Attachment of patellar ligament

- Palpable

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10
Q

Gerdy’s tubercle (tubercle of the iliotibial tract)

A
  • Small projection
  • Lateral to tibial tuberosity and patellar apex (when knee is extended)
  • IT tract attaches
  • Palpable
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11
Q

Posterior proximal structures of tibia

A
  • Groove for semimembranosus tendon

- Fibular articular facet

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12
Q

Groove for semimembranosus tendon

A
  • Posteromedial edge of medial condyle
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13
Q

Fibular articular facet

A
  • Facet on lateral condyle

- Articulates with fibular head

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14
Q

Tibial shaft

A
  • From tibial tuberosity to the fibular notch

- 3 borders

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15
Q

3 borders of the tibial shaft

A
  • Anterior (shin)
  • Lateral (interosseous)
  • Medial border
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16
Q

Anterior (shin) border of tibia

A
  • Subcutaneous

- Very palpable

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17
Q

Lateral (interosseous) border of tibia

A
  • Attachment of interosseous membrane
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18
Q

Medial border of tibia

A
  • Palpable
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19
Q

3 surfaces of tibial shaft

A
  • Medial
  • Lateral surface
  • Posterior surface
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20
Q

Medial surface of tibial shaft

A
  • Between anterior and medial border
  • Faces anteromedially
  • Subcutaneous and very palpable
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21
Q

Lateral surface of tibial shaft

A
  • Between anterior and lateral borders

- Site of anterior leg compartment muscle attachment

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22
Q

Posterior surface of tibial shaft

A
  • Between medial and lateral borders
  • Soleal line
  • Vertical line
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23
Q

Nutrient foramen (canal) is usually located

A
  • Inferior to soleal line

- Canal is angled distally

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24
Q

Soleal line (posterior tibial shaft)

A
  • From fibular facet to medial border of junction of proximal and middle 1/3s of shaft
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25
Vertical line (posterior tibial shaft)
- Descends from center of soleal line
26
Distal structures of tibia
- Medial malleolus - Tibial plafond - Posterior process - Fibular notch
27
Distal tibia articulates with
- Talus
28
Medial malleolus structures
- Subcutaneous, palpable - Medial malleolar articular facet - Anterior/posterior colliculus - Intercollicular groove - Groove for tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendons
29
Medial malleolar articular facet
- Pear shaped facet - Lateral surface of medial malleolus - Covered with articular (hyaline cartilage)
30
Medial malleolar articular facet articulates with
- Medial talar body
31
Anterior colliculus of medial malleolus
- Anterior projection - Extends further inferiorly - Ligament attachment
32
Posterior colliculus of medial malleolus
- Ligament attachment
33
Intercollicular groove of medial malleolus
- Separates colliculi
34
Tibial plafond
- Rectangle shaped, inferior articular surface - Lined with articular cartilage - Continuous with articular facet of medial malleolus - Articulates with talus
35
Posterior process
- Posterolateral prominence (3rd malleolus) | - Groove for flexor hallucis longus (depression over process)
36
Fibular notch
- Triangular depression on lateral surface | - Articulates with fibula (tibiofibular syndesmosis)
37
Fibula
- Long slender bone - IMPORTANT for ankle stability - Transmits small amounts of weight (~15%) - Site of muscle attachment
38
Fibula is palpable at
- Head and lateral malleolus
39
Fibula articulates with
- Articulates with talus and tibia
40
Proximal fibular structures
- Head of fibula - Articular facet - Apex of fibula (styloid process)
41
Head of fibula
- “Square-ish” in shape - Subcutaneous, easily palpated - Common fibular nerve passes around fibular head/neck (easily damaged)
42
Fibular articular facet
- Articulation with lateral condyle of tibia
43
Apex of fibula (styloid process)
- Site of ligament attachment
44
Fibula shaft borders
- Spiral from proximal to distal - Anterior - Interosseous (medial border) - Posterior - Middle crest (crista medialis)
45
Fibula anterior border
- Begins at the anterior aspect of the head - Curves laterally moving toward lateral malleolus - Splits distally
46
Fibula anterior border splits distally to
- Enclose a lateral triangular area above lateral malleolus | - Subcutaneous and palpable
47
Fibula anterior border function
- Attachment of anterior intermuscular septum | - Separates anterior and lateral compartments
48
Fibula interosseous (medial) border
- Medial side, posterior to anterior border - Extends from head to triangular area distally - Attachment of interosseous membrane
49
Fibula posterior border
- Begins at head and ends as posterior border of lateral malleolus - Faces laterally proximally and posterior distally - Attachment of posterior intermuscular septum
50
Fibula medial crest (crista medialis)
- Oblique line that begins on medial side - Becomes continuous with interosseous border distal ¼ of fibula - Aponeurosis attachment that separates muscles
51
Surfaces of fibula
- Medial (sometimes called anterior) - Lateral - Posterior
52
Medial (anterior) surface of fibula
- Between anterior and interosseous borders | - Site of muscle attachment, anterior compartment muscles
53
Lateral surface of fibula
- Between anterior and posterior borders - Faces anteriorly at proximal end and more posterior distally - Attachment of lateral compartment muscles
54
Posterior surface of fibula
- Between posterior and interosseous borders - Continuous with area that articulates with tibia - Faces posterior proximally and medial distally - Attachment for some posterior compartment muscles
55
Fibular nutrient foramen
- Located on middle 1/3 of posterior surface
56
Distal fibula structures
- Lateral malleolus - Lateral malleolar articular facet - Lateral malleolar fossa - Lateral malleolar sulcus - Summit of lateral malleolus - Medial triangular surface
57
Lateral malleolus
- Subcutaneous and palpable - More distal and posterior than medial malleolus - Resists eversion
58
Lateral malleolar articular facet
- Triangular facet on medial surface | - Articulates with talus
59
Lateral malleolar fossa
- Fossa posterior to articular facet (on medial surface) | - Ligament attachment (transverse tibfib and posterior talofibular)
60
Lateral malleolar sulcus
- Groove on posterior border | - Fibularis longus and brevis tendons pass
61
Summit of lateral malleolus
- Rounded, distal end - Calcaneofibular ligament attaches - Can be site of avulsion fracture
62
Medial triangular surface
- Articulates with fibular notch of tibia to form distal tibiofibular joint - Syndesmotic joint, strong ligament
63
Tibia primary ossification center
- Shaft about 7th –8th fetal week
64
Tibia secondary ossification centers
- Proximal epiphysis - Distal epiphysis - Medial malleolus - Tibial tuberosity
65
Proximal epiphysis ossification (tibia)
- Appears around birth | - Fuses about 18 years of age
66
Distal epiphysis ossification (tibia)
- Appears around age 1 | - Fuses about 16 years of age
67
Medial malleolus ossification
- Appears between 8-13 yrs of age - Not always a separate ossification center - Fuses ~ 15 in females, 17 in males
68
Tibial tuberosity ossification
- Appears around ages 10-12 | - Fuses between 14-18
69
Fibula primary ossification center
- Shaft about 8th fetal week
70
Fibula secondary ossification centers
- Distal | - Proximal
71
Distal fibula secondary ossification
- Appears 1st year of life | - Fuses around 15-17 years of age
72
Proximal fibula secondary ossification
- Appears during the 3rd year | - Fuses around 17-19 years of age
73
2⁰ centers fuse
- In the order of appearance | - Different pattern of fusion than other long bones
74
Superior (proximal) tibiofibular joint
- Between head of fibular and lateral tibial condyle - Gliding (planar) synovial joint - Functionally a diarthrosis
75
Ligaments of superior (proximal) tibiofibular joint
- Anterior and posterior proximal tibiofibular ligaments
76
Tibiofibular joint blood supply
- Tibial recurrent arteries | - Inferior lateral genicular arteries
77
Tibiofibular joint innervation
- Common fibular nerve | - Nerve to popliteus
78
Tibiofibular joint motion
- Gliding movements occur when the ankle joint moves in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
79
Interosseous membrane of tibiofibular joint
- Attaches to the interosseous borders of the tibia and fibula - The fibers are angled inferolaterally
80
Openings of tibiofibular joint interosseous membrane
- Superior (proximal) opening | - Inferior (distal)
81
Superior (proximal) opening of interosseous membrane (tibiofibular joint)
- Passage of anterior tibial artery
82
Inferior (distal) opening of interosseous membrane (tibiofibular joint)
- Passage of perforating branch of fibular artery
83
Distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint
- Between fibular notch and medial triangular area of fibula | - Syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis
84
Ligaments of the tibiofibular joint function
- Prevent separation of tibia and fibula, and talar wedging
85
Ligaments of the tibiofibular joint (names)
- Distal anterior tibiofibular ligament - Interosseous tibiofibular ligament - Distal posterior tibiofibular ligament - Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament
86
Talocrural joint
- Between tibial plafond, lateral malleolar articular facet, medial malleolar articular facet and talus
87
Midtarsal Joint (Chopart’s joint, transverse tarsal joint)
- Between rearfoot and midfoot
88
Lisfranc’s joint (tarsometatarsal joint)
- Between the midfoot and forefoot

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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