Osteology (Part 1): Distal Tibia & Fibula

Question 1

Distal tibia articulates with

Answer 1

• Talus

Question 2

Medial malleolus

Answer 2

• Subcutaneous

- Palpable

Question 3

Medial malleolus structures

Answer 3

• Medial malleolar articular facet
• Anterior/posterior colliculi
• Intercollicular groove
• Groove for tibialis posterior and FDL tendons

Question 4

Medial malleolar articular facet

Answer 4

• Pear shaped facet
• Lateral surface of medial malleolus
• Covered with articular (hyaline cartilage)
• Articulates with medial talar body

Question 5

Anterior colliculus (tibia)

Answer 5

• Anterior projection
• Extends further inferiorly
• Ligament attachment

Question 6

Posterior colliculus (tibia)

Answer 6

• Ligament attachment

Question 7

Distal tibia structures

Answer 7

• Medial malleolus
• Tibial plafond
• Posterior process
• Fibular notch

Question 8

Tibial plafond (tibia)

Answer 8

• Rectangle shaped, inferior articular surface
• Lined with articular cartilage
• Continuous with articular facet of medial malleolus
• Articulates with talus

Question 9

Posterior process (tibia)

Answer 9

• Posterolateral prominence (3rd malleolus)

- Groove for flexor hallucis longus (depression over process)

Question 10

Fibular notch (tibia)

Answer 10

• Triangular depression on lateral surface of tibia

- Articulates with fibula (tibiofibular syndesmosis)

Question 11

Distal fibula

Answer 11

• Fibular shaft terminates at the level of tibial plafond

Question 12

Distal fibula structures

Answer 12

• Lateral malleolus
• Lateral malleolar articular facet, fossa, and sulcus (fibular groove)
• Summit of lateral malleolus
• Medial triangular surface

Question 13

Lateral malleolus

Answer 13

• Subcutaneous and palpable
• More distal and posterior than medial malleolus
• Resists eversion

Question 14

Lateral malleolar articular facet

Answer 14

• Triangular facet on medial surface

- Articulates with talus

Question 15

Lateral malleolar fossa

Answer 15

• Fossa posterior to articular facet (on medial surface)

- Ligament attachment (transverse tibfib and posterior talofibular)

Question 16

Lateral malleolar sulcus (fibular groove)

Answer 16

• Groove on posterior border

- Fibularis longus and brevis tendons pass

Question 17

Summit of lateral malleolus

Answer 17

• Rounded, distal end.
• Calcaneofibular ligament attaches
• Can be site of avulsion fracture

Question 18

Medial triangular surface (fibula)

Answer 18

• Articulates with fibular notch of tibia
• Forms distal tibiofibular joint
• Syndesmotic joint, strong ligament

Question 19

Talocrural joint

Answer 19

• Between tibial plafond, lateral malleolar articular facet, medial malleolar articular facet and talus

Question 20

Midtarsal Joint (Chopart’s joint, transverse tarsal joint)

Answer 20

• Between rearfoot and midfoot

Question 21

Lisfranc’s joint (tarsometatarsal joint)

Answer 21

• Between the midfoot and forefoot

Question 22

Medial column of the foot

Answer 22

• Calcaneus
• Talus
• Navicular
• 3 cuneiforms
• Metatarsals 1-3
• Associated phalanges
• Sesamoid bones

Question 23

Lateral column of the foot

Answer 23

• Calcaneus
• Cuboid
• Metatarsals 4,5
• Associated phalanges

Question 24

Foot arches

Answer 24

• Articulation between bones and connecting ligaments
• Supported by intrinsic/extrinsic foot muscles/ligaments
• Shock absorption, support body weight

Question 25

Medial longitudinal arch

Answer 25

• Higher than the lateral arch
• Calcaneus, talus, navicular, all cuneiforms, 1-3 metatarsals, sesamoids
• Calcaneus and heads of metatarsals 1-3 are the pillars

Question 26

Lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 26

• Lower than the medial arch
• Calcaneus, cuboid, 4-5 metatarsals
• Calcaneus and heads of metatarsals 4,5 are the pillars

Question 27

Transverse arch

Answer 27

• Formed by cuneiforms, cuboid, met bases