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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Anterior Thigh Part 2 > Flashcards

Anterior Thigh Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Saphenous opening (fossa ovalis, saphenous hiatus) location

A
  • Hiatus in fascia lata
  • 4cm inferior to medial inguinal ligament
  • Inferolateral to pubic tubercle
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2
Q

Falciform margin of fossa ovalis

A
  • Crescent shaped superior, lateral and inferior margin
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3
Q

Cribriform fascia (fills fossa ovalis)

A
  • Membranous connective tissue

- Allows for passage of lymph vessels and saphenous vein

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4
Q

Femoral triangle

A
  • Deep to fascia lata

- Contains neurovascular structures

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5
Q

Femoral triangle borders

A
  • Base of triangle is proximal

- Apex is distal

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6
Q

Apex of femoral triangle

A
  • End of femoral triangle

- Beginning of adductor canal

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7
Q

Femoral triangle boundaries

A
  • Superior: inguinal ligament (Poupart’s ligament)
  • Medial: medial border of adductor longus
  • Lateral: medial border of Sartorius
  • Floor: iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus
  • Roof: fascia lata/cribriform fascia
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8
Q

Femoral triangle superior boundary

A
  • Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s ligament)
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9
Q

Femoral triangle medial boundary

A
  • Medial border of adductor longus
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10
Q

Femoral triangle lateral boundary

A
  • Medial border of Sartorius
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11
Q

Femoral triangle floor

A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus
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12
Q

Femoral triangle roof

A
  • Fascia lata/cribriform fascia
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13
Q

Nerve content of femoral triangle

A
  • Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

- Femoral nerve and branches

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14
Q

Artery content of femoral triangle

A
  • Femoral artery (located at the midinguinal point)
  • Profunda femoris artery
  • Lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries
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15
Q

Venous content of femoral triangle

A
  • Femoral vein

- Termination of saphenous vein

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16
Q

Lymphatic content of femoral triangle

A
  • Femoral canal (lymphatics)

- Deep inguinal nodes

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17
Q

Femoral triangle content (all)

A
  • Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
  • Femoral artery (located at the midinguinal point)
  • Femoral vein
  • Femoral canal (lymphatics)
  • Deep inguinal nodes
  • Femoral nerve and branches
  • Termination of saphenous vein
  • Profunda femoris artery
  • Lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries
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18
Q

Femoral sheath

A
  • Fascial sheath formed by prolongation of transversalis and ilipsoas fascia
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19
Q

Femoral nerve is NOT in

A
  • The femoral sheath
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20
Q

3 compartments separated by septae (lateral to medial)

A
  • Lateral: femoral artery
  • Intermediate: femoral vein
  • Medial: femoral canal (empty space and lymphatics)
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21
Q

Femoral canal (medial compartment of the femoral sheath)

A
  • Allows for venous expansion
  • Contains lymphatics
  • Proximal opening (abdominal end): femoral ring
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22
Q

Femoral ring

A
  • Proximal opening (abdominal end)

- Weak area/site of femoral hernias

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23
Q

Boundaries of femoral canal

A
  • Lateral: Intermediate compartment (Femoral vein)
  • Medial: Lacunar ligament
  • Anterior: Inguinal ligament
  • Posterior: Superior pubic ramus (pectineal ligament)
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24
Q

Lateral boundary of femoral canal

A
  • Intermediate compartment (Femoral vein)
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25
Q

Medial boundary of femoral canal

A
  • Lacunar ligament
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26
Q

Anterior boundary of femoral canal

A
  • Inguinal ligament
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27
Q

Posterior boundary of femoral canal

A
  • Superior pubic ramus (pectineal ligament)
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28
Q

Femoral artery pathway

A
  • Continuation of external iliac artery

- Passes inferior to inguinal ligament at the mid-inguinal point

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29
Q

Femoral artery palpation site

A
  • Palpable in femoral triangle ~ 3cm below inguinual ligament
  • Site of compression
30
Q

Termination of femoral artery

A
  • Passes through femoral triangle, adductor canal, adductor hiatus
  • Becomes popliteal artery
31
Q

Branches of femoral artery

A
  • Superficial circumflex iliac
  • Superficial epigastric
  • External pudendal
  • Profunda femoris
  • Muscular branches
  • Descending genicular
32
Q

Superficial circumflex iliac artery supplies

A
  • Skin over ASIS and lateral inguinal ligament
33
Q

Superficial epigastric artery supplies

A
  • Skin over inferomedial abdominal wall
34
Q

External pudendal artery (superficial & deep) supplies

A
  • Skin over the anterior perineum
35
Q

Profunda femoris (deep artery of the thigh, deep femoral)

A
  • Largest branch

- Arises about 2” below ligament

36
Q

Muscular branches of femoral artery supply

A
  • Sartorius
  • Adductors
  • Vastus medialis
37
Q

Descending genicular (highest genicular)

A
  • Last branch before adductor hiatus

- Branches off in adductor canal

38
Q

Descending genicular (highest genicular) supplies

A
  • Vastus med
  • Add mag
  • Knee joint
39
Q

Branches of Descending genicular (highest genicular)

A
  • Saphenous branch

- Articular branch

40
Q

The femoral artery is often called

A
  • Common femoral

- After profunda femoris it may be called superficial femoral

41
Q

Profunda femoris artery (deep femoral artery, deep artery of the thigh)

A
  • Typically branches off the femoral artery posterolaterally (~ 1 – 2” below inguinal ligament)
42
Q

Profunda femoris artery pathway

A
  • Passes between pectineus and adductor longus
  • Then between adductor longus and brevis
  • Descends thigh posterior to adductor longus (anterior to brevis and magnus)
43
Q

Branches of profunda femoris

A
  • Lateral femoral circumflex

- Medial femoral circumflex

44
Q

Lateral femoral circumflex artery

A
  • Lateral side of PFA

- Passes lateral posterior (deep) to Sartorius and rectus femoris

45
Q

3 branches of lateral femoral circumflex artery

A
  • Ascending
  • Transverse
  • Descending
46
Q

Ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery pathway

A
  • Ascends along intertrochanteric line, under TFL
47
Q

Ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery supplies

A
  • Greater trochanter, head and neck of femur (Trochanteric anastomosis)
  • Muscular branches
48
Q

Transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery pathway

A
  • Passes anterior to vastus intermedius
49
Q

Transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery

A
  • Joins cruciate anastomosis

- Muscular branches

50
Q

Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery pathway

A
  • Descends along vastus lateralis
51
Q

Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery

A
  • Anastomoses with lateral superior genicular artery at the knee
  • Muscular branches
52
Q

Medial femoral circumflex artery pathway

A
  • Medial side of PFA
  • Passes between iliopsoas and pectineus
  • Curves medially around femur between obturator externus and add brevis
53
Q

Medial femoral circumflex artery is located between

A
  • Quadratus femoris and adductor longus posteriorly
54
Q

3 branches of medial femoral circumflex artery

A
  • Ascending
  • Transverse
  • Descending
55
Q

Ascending branch of medial femoral circumflex artery

A
  • Greater trochanter, head and neck of femur (Trochanteric anastomosis)
  • Muscular branches
56
Q

Transverse branch of medial femoral circumflex artery

A
  • Joins cruciate anastomosis

- Muscular branches

57
Q

Descending branch of medial femoral circumflex artery supplies

A
  • Muscular branches
58
Q

Perforating arteries (4) pathway

A
  • Pierce adductor magnus near femoral shaft attachment
59
Q

Perforating arteries supply

A
  • Major supplier to medial and posterior compartments of the thigh
60
Q

1st perforating artery

A
  • Above the superior border of adductor brevis (can pierce it)
61
Q

2nd perforating artery

A
  • Pierces adductor brevis

- Usually gives off femoral nutrient artery

62
Q

3rd perforating artery

A
  • Below inferior border of adductor brevis
63
Q

4th perforating artery

A
  • Terminal end of PFA

- Proximal to adductor hiatus (at short head biceps femoris)

64
Q

Trochanteric anastomosis are major suppliers to

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Femur (after age 3)
  • Especially the MFC
65
Q

Arterial ring anastomosis located

A
  • Around femoral neck

- Near trochanteric fossa

66
Q

Trochanteric anastomosis

A
  • Ascending branches of lateral/medial femoral circumflex arteries
  • Descending branches of superior/inferior gluteal arteries
  • Primarily from LFC and MFC
67
Q

Retinacular arteries

A
  • Pierce capsule
  • Travel along femur neck to the head of femur
  • Contribute to trochanteric anastomosis
68
Q

Cruciate anastomosis located

A
  • Near lesser trochanter

- Provide for collateral circulation

69
Q

Cruciate anastomosis

A
  • Descending branch of Inferior gluteal a.
  • Transverse branches of medial/lateral circumflex a.
  • Ascending branch of 1st perforating branch of deep femoral
70
Q

If external iliac or proximal femoral artery is blocked, blood can still reach lower extremity via

A
  • Internal iliac > inferior gluteal > trochanteric/cruciate anastomosis

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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