Plague and Renaissance - Global Studies 1

Question 1

Spread of Black Death

Answer 1

Spread by rats infested with fleas

Question 2

When does the Black Death reach Europe

Answer 2

From Asia, it reaches Europe in October 1347

Question 3

Flagellants

Answer 3

response to black death; flogged each other with whips to beg for God’s forgiveness

Question 4

Pogroms

Answer 4

response to Black Death; organized massacres

Question 5

Who was given blame for Black Death

Answer 5

Jews accused of poisoning wells

Question 6

Jews were not punished in Russia and Poland b/c

Answer 6

they offered them protection

Question 7

Results of the Black Death

Answer 7

less travel, shortage of workers, fewer people, peasants convert labor to rent, higher government taxes, rural revolts

Question 8

William the Conquer years and titles

Answer 8

1028-1087, King, Duke, Conqueror

Question 9

What was unique about Willaim the Conqueror’s rule

Answer 9

he was a French vassal, yet the king of England

Question 10

Henry Plantagent years and titles

Answer 10

1133-1189, King Henry

Question 11

Wife of King Henry II and problems caused

Answer 11

Eleanor of Aquitaine, she own land that is closer to France than to England

Question 12

Treaty of Paris

Answer 12

England lose land in France but keep Gascony and Aquitaine

Question 13

Death of Charles IV

Answer 13

no male heir, possible heirs are Edward of England and Phillip of France

Question 14

Cause of 100 years War

Answer 14

Phillip VI becomes French king and takes Gascony, an English province

Question 15

Battle of Crecy

Answer 15

English take advantage of their longbows that are able to pierce through French armored cavalry

Question 16

Cause of English Peasant’s Revolt

Answer 16

monarchy imposes poll tax to help pay for war, peasants refuse to pay and sack Tower of London

Question 17

King Richard II

Answer 17

14 years of age; arrests rebels and ends English Peasant’s Revolt

Question 18

Effects of English Peasant’s Revolt

Answer 18

Poll tax eliminated, rebels are pardoned, decline of feudalism in England

Question 19

Battle of Agincourt

Answer 19

The heavily armored French cavalry suffers from the muddy field, disastrous French defeat

Question 20

Joan of Arc

Answer 20

17 years of age; inspires French army to liberate the city of Orleans; ‘maid of orleans’

Question 21

Battle of Castillon

Answer 21

ends 100 years war; French victory; uses cannons and gunpowder

Question 22

Political Disintegration in 1300’s

Answer 22

Feudalism falls -> Kings use taxes to hire soldiers. Political fights between royal heirs and noble families, Catholic Church declines in power

Question 23

King Phillip IV vs Pope Boniface IIV

Answer 23

Phillip tries to tax clergy, Boniface denies and argues he is above state and church, Phillip calls Estates General and sends French soldiers to bring Boniface to trial. Boniface dies

Question 24

Pope Clement V

Answer 24

French Pope appointed by Phillip, moves Papal residence to France and receives out lash

Question 25

Pope Gregory XI

Answer 25

returns papacy to Rome and his death leads to Great Schism

Question 26

The Great Schism

Answer 26

two popes rule concurrently in Rome and Avignon, leads to loss of faith in Church

Question 27

Rise of Conilarism

Answer 27

belief that only a general council of the church, and not the pope, could bring the needed reforms

Question 28

Great Schism ends

Answer 28

Council of Constance leads to both popes resigning and a new Pope is elected that all sides support

Question 29

Renaissance is French for

Answer 29

"rebirth', began in Italy, rebirth of Greek and Roman culture

Question 30

universal person

Answer 30

well rounded personality capable of achievements in many areas of life

Question 31

"the humanities"

Answer 31

grammar, rhetoric, poetry, ethics, and history

Question 32

Petrarch

Answer 32

studied Latin manuscripts, emphasized use of pure Latin, lived intellectual life of solitude

Question 33

Filippo Brunelleschi

Answer 33

developed Classical Architecture, inspired Roman models, columns, rounded arches, and coffered ceilings. Human sized measurements -> Human centered world, ex. Church of San Lorenzo in Florence

Question 34

Johannes Gutenburg

Answer 34

developed printing press, used metal printing blocks with each letter for moveable type, mass produced using casting

Question 35

Results of Printing Press

Answer 35

printed 180 copies of Bible, allows for greater distribution of ideas worldwide

Question 36

Early Renaissance

Answer 36

depended on support from guilds and patrons

Question 37

High Renaissance

Answer 37

considered heroes and artists geniuses Ex. Michelangelo, Raphael, da Vinci

Question 38

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 38

Medical studies - dissected human bodies Scientific studies - helicopter Paintings - Mona Lisa and Last Supper

Question 39

Raphael

Answer 39

One of Italy's best painters, Madonnes - illustrated ideal human beauty, Frescoes in the Vatican Palace

Question 40

Michelangelo

Answer 40

Known as "il Divino" - the devine one Sistine Chapel Sculpture - David

Question 41

Neoplatonism

Answer 41

ideal human beings with perfect proportions

Question 42

Renaissance Painting Developments

Answer 42

``` Focus on Human Beings Realistic human anatomical structure outdoor space and light movement perspective ```

Question 43

Middle Ages Painting - materials

Answer 43

Paint on wood or wet plaster Mosaics Illustrated manuscripts

Question 44

Renaissance Painting - materials

Answer 44

Oil on canvas | marble sculptures

Question 45

Renaissance painting - colors

Answer 45

bright and detailed

Question 46

Painting Position of Subjects

Answer 46

Middle Ages - simple and 2D - less emotions | Renaissance - more detail, 3D - more emotions

Question 47

Nicolo Machiavelli

Answer 47

Wrote 'The Prince', suggests maintaining order should be done through getting political power. Realistic not idealistic, Prince acts on behalf of the states, not his conscience

Question 48

Duchy of Milan

Answer 48

taxes generated enormous revenues for the government

Question 49

Republic of Florence

Answer 49

center of cultural Renaissance , Oligarchy and politics controlled by Cosimo de-Medici

Question 50

Republic of Venice

Answer 50

maritime commercial empire

Question 51

Papal States

Answer 51

central Italian states, controlled by the Pope

Question 52

Kingdom of Naples

Answer 52

southern Italian states, eventually ruled by Spain

Question 53

"Italian Wars"

Answer 53

France vs. Spain, Spain dominates much of Italy during 16th century

Question 54

Treaty of Verdun caused

Answer 54

Civil wars

Question 55

What is the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire

Answer 55

Ottoman family aquired the "Emperor of the Romans"

Question 56

Habsburg

Answer 56

controled Holy Roman Empire imperial throne, Austria, Netherlands and Spain all in their control

Question 57

War of the Roses

Answer 57

civil war over control of monarchy, York - white rose, Lancaster - red rose

Question 58

King Henry VII

Answer 58

establishes Tudor dynasty, abolishes noble's private armies, keeps taxes low

Question 59

Nationalism

Answer 59

grew in France after 100 years war

Question 60

King Louis XI

Answer 60

used nationalism to re-establish monarchy

Question 61

Tailee

Answer 61

annual direct tax on land, provided monarchy with regular source of income

Question 62

Poland Renaissance

Answer 62

Nobles gain right to elect kings, weakens royal authority

Question 63

Russian Renaissance

Answer 63

Prince Ivan III, drives out Mongols and unifies Russian lands

Question 64

Moscow

Answer 64

"Third Rome"

Question 65

Marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon

Answer 65

unifies Spain's strongest kingdoms, strengthens royal government