AP Word - Revolutions

Question 1

Denis Diderot

Answer 1

editor of the Encylopedie, compilation of knowledge

Question 2

John Locke

Answer 2

one of first Enlightenment thinkers, social contract

Question 3

Baron de onesquieu

Answer 3

argued with governent with three distinct branches

Question 4

Volaire

Answer 4

decounced religious bigotry, critized Christianity, and argued for religious tolerance

Question 5

Jean Jacques Roussea

Answer 5

argued for return to nature where society cannot corrupt

Question 6

general will

Answer 6

civic impuleses of citizens seeking to pursue the common good within their community

Question 7

social contract

Answer 7

voluntary agrement among people defining the relationship of individuals with one another and with government

Question 8

Manifest Destiny

Answer 8

Americans destined to expand to Pacific

Question 9

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 9

“Hands off” policy regarding European colonization in Americas; isolationist policy

Question 10

Maximilien Robespierre and Jacobins

Answer 10

radical revolutionaries who did not want any king to rule France

Question 11

Nationalis

Answer 11

intense belief in pride in one’s national culture which is associated in the territory in which they reside

Question 12

Count Camillo di Cavour

Answer 12

leads nationalist government in Italy

Question 13

King Victor Emmanuel II

Answer 13

Creates Parliamentary monarchy Problems; right to vote was limited to middle/upper class property holders; Catholics upset by new nation; disagreements over imperialism; lacked industry

Question 14

Otto van Bismarck

Answer 14

Prime Minister of Prussia and leader of German Confederation led a series of wars to grow Prussian Power

Question 15

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 15

leads to French concession of Alsace and Lorraine ( Treaty of Frankfurt)

Question 16

Willhelm I

Answer 16

Unified German states, King of Prussia and now German Emperor

Question 17

Realpolitik

Answer 17

the politics of reality, based on practical concerns rather than theory or ethics

Question 18

Decembrist Uprising

Answer 18

revolt of Western oriented and liberal army officers against conservatives Tsar Nicholas I

Question 19

Sultan Selim III

Answer 19

attempted reforms to improve Ottoman administrative and military’s makeup, but angered Janissaries and officials; disposed and killed in 1807

Question 20

Sultan Mahmud II

Answer 20

overthrew Janissaries with a secret army and European help; restarted Ottoman reform by utilizing Western models

Question 21

Ottomanism

Answer 21

trend in 1870s-1880s in which loyalty to the sultan was replaced by loyalty to the Ottoman state

Question 22

Extraterritoriality

Answer 22

allowed Europeans in foreign cities to live according to European laws, not local laws

Question 23

Toussaint L’Overture

Answer 23

a free black man who led Haitian Revolution

Question 24

Jean Jacques Dessalines

Answer 24

lead a revolt following the capture of L-Overture

Question 25

1824 Mexican constitution

Answer 25

federalist, but still ignored the legal status of Indians, distributions of land, educational problems and impoverishment

Question 26

Simon Bolivar

Answer 26

wealthy creole military officer, led an independence movement against Spain out of Caracas in the Viceroyalty of New Granada, writes Jamaica Letter

Question 27

Jose de San Martin

Answer 27

calls for independence in the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plate grew

Question 28

Argentine republic

Answer 28

Led by Domingo F. Sarmiento; period of political stability and liberal control

Question 29

Dom Joao VI

Answer 29

ruled Portugal from Brazil until 1820

Question 30

Dom Pedro I

Answer 30

became constitutional emperor of Brazil after declaring Brazil independent

Question 31

Reasons Industrial Movement begins

Answer 31

Population Explosion, Enclosure movement, Agricultural Revolution, Commercial Revolution, and the Enlightenment

Question 32

factory system

Answer 32

factories were places where large numbers of workers used machines to manufacture goods

Question 33

mass production

Answer 33

the making of many identical items by dividing work into simple repetitive tasks

Question 34

Crimean War

Answer 34

fought on the Black Sea after Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire regarding Holy Land

Question 35

Tsar Alexander II

Answer 35

following defeat to Ottomans, agrees to reform Russia

Question 36

Redemption Payments

Answer 36

serfs had to buy land assigned to them from previous owner's estates (Russia)

Question 37

zemstvoes

Answer 37

(local governments), regulated roads, schools, and polices for peasents (Russia)

Question 38

Trans-Siberian Railroad

Answer 38

connect European Russia with the Pacific

Question 39

Sergei Witte

Answer 39

Russian minister of finance supervised economic industrialization

Question 40

The "Social Question"

Answer 40

what is the governments responsibility in this area

Question 41

Muhammad Ali

Answer 41

emerged as khedive ruler of Egypt and broke away from direct Ottoman rule after French withdrawal

Question 42

Matthew Perry

Answer 42

aririved in Edo Bay and threatened bombardment if Americans were not allowed to trade in Japan

Question 43

Treaty of Kanagawa

Answer 43

Shogunate bureaucrats saw no alternative but to open Japan to the outside world, given West's power

Question 44

Boshin War

Answer 44

imperial samurai (westernization) vs Shogunate troops (tradition)

Question 45

Meji Restoration

Answer 45

Emperor Meiji restored as imperial ruler

Question 46

capitalism

Answer 46

economic system based on the private ownership of captial goods and the means of production with the creation of goods and services for profit

Question 47

Adam Smith

Answer 47

Scottish philosopher, best known for book 'The Wealth of Nations' and is citied as "father of modern economics"

Question 48

Revisionism

Answer 48

Marx's ideas were wrong and success regarding political/ societal harmony could be achieved by peaceful means' support parliamentary monarchies to achieve goals

Question 49

Universal male suffrage

Answer 49

the vote for working-class men was achieved by the second half of the 19th century

Question 50

Labor unions

Answer 50

trade unions legalized in 1824 and fought for workers rights

Question 51

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