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Chaminade > Land Based Empires - AP World > Flashcards

Land Based Empires - AP World Flashcards

1
Q

New Independent Russia

A

Ivan III refused to pay Mongol tribute, began in Moscow

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2
Q

Ivan the Great (IiI)

A

Makes Russian rule legitimate, declares himself tsar or ‘third Rome’, asserted control over Orthodox churches

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3
Q

Cossacks

A

Russian peasant pioneers/military recruits of Ivan III, expanded lead to Muslims in Central Asia in Russian territory

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4
Q

Ivan IV (the terrible)

A

Establishes absolute monarchy and dies without heir

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5
Q

Romanov Dynasty

A

Mikhail Romanov is first tsar and reesablished internal order, expanded borders to Ottoman

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6
Q

Ming China

A

Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang, rebelled against Mongols, returned China to Chinese traditions

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7
Q

Ming Political Reforms

A

Neo-Confucians increased influence, obedience to state, sought to limit influence of bureaucrats

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8
Q

Ming Social reforms

A

Civil service exams return, Neo-Confucian dominance, peasant life improved

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9
Q

Qing China

A

Emp. Kangxi expanded to Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia
Emp. Qianlong conquered Nepal but failed to take Burma and Vietnam

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10
Q

Qing Society

A

Patriarchal and Confucian, starts to decline 1800, rebellions by White Lotus and corruption

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11
Q

Gunpowder Empires

A

Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals, all Islamic

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12
Q

Ottoman Rise

A

Began in 1350 in Mondern Turkey, Mehmed II led to conquer Constantinople, then took Syria, Egypt, Notth Africa, Hungary, and Black and Red Seas

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13
Q

Ottoman Height

A

Suleiman the Magnificent led to their height, conquered Eastern Europe and tried to attack Vienna

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14
Q

Ottoman Decline

A

Internal military problems, Battle of Lepanto damaged navy, ignored Western technological advances

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15
Q

The Shi’a Safavids

A

Turkish nomadic group, practiced Shi’a Islam. Safi Al Din was a movement to purify Islam, spread religion throughout Turkey

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16
Q

Isma’il and thr Battle of Chaldiran

A

Isma’il was Emp.
Battle of Chaldiran was a conflict with Ottoman, featured new power of gunpowder, blocked Shi’Islam from spreading west

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17
Q

Abbas the Great

A

Safavid empire reached height of strength, welcomed European knowledge, wanted to become center of Islam

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18
Q

Safavid Power and Religion

A

Shahs-claimed to be descendants of Muhammad, Shi’ism expanded

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19
Q

Safavid Society and Economy

A

Shahs tried to balances power between social classes, land based trade

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20
Q

Safavid Culture

A

Originally Turkish, later Persian, Mullahs were mosque officials

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21
Q

Rapid Demise of Safavid Empire

A

Abbas I removed all suitable heirs, weak grandsons followed, admnistraton collapsed

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22
Q

Mughals in India

A

Babur founded, more interested in territorial expansion, poor admin leader

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23
Q

Mughal-Safavid War

A

Safavid Victory because Mughals were at war with Hindu Kush group

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24
Q

Mughal Art and Architecture

A

Blend of Persian and Hindu traditions, considered one of the peaks in Indian culture

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25
Q

Mughal Economy

A

Trade occurred with Europe in Indian coastal towns, cotton, indigo, silk, textiles. Gov, granted land to military officers and gov. Officials

26
Q

Mughal Society

A

Typical hierarchical society, Patriarchal society

27
Q

Aurangzebs Mistakes

A

Shah Jana ‘s son, had two foolish goals, wanted to expand all of India, wanted to rid Hinduism in Indian Islam

28
Q

Hapsburgs

A

Most powerful family in Europe, ruled the HRE throne

29
Q

Louis XIV

A

Absolutism, ignored Estates General, huge supporter of arts for propaganda, “I am the state”

30
Q

Palace of Versailles

A

Theater State, Louis XIV required all nobles live here to control them

31
Q

Russia’s Peter the Great

A

Absolute monarch who built up tsar control, shifted westward to become a naval power

32
Q

Westernization in Russia

A

Drafted peasants to increase army size, merit system, Landlords rewarded for using serfs, did NOT adopt enlightenment or parliament

33
Q

Japan’s Reunification

A

Japan weaken by civil war, Toyotomi Hideyoshi reunites

34
Q

Tokugawa Shogunate

A

Nakuru government (tent gov.), Tokugawa leyasu consolidated power in Japan, little focus on outside conquests

35
Q

Tokugawa Economics and Society

A

Economy was rooted in agriculture, patriarchal and hierarchal society

36
Q

Tokugawa Culture

A

Affected by Confucianism, Buddhism, and Shintoism, high literacy rates, theaters

37
Q

Ottoman Sultans and their Court

A

Sultans are absolute monarchs, vizer system set up, vizers became centralized and Sultans lost control

38
Q

Ottoman Economic Challanges

A

One of the wealthiest Empires in world, Inflation from silver, still used Land trade, local gov. pocketed taxes

39
Q

Ottoman Tax collection systems

A

Tax farming - gov. auctioned off responsibilities of collecting taxes, winner collected state taxes and kept a portion, led to corruption

40
Q

Ottoman Military

A

elites were cavalry, Janissaries were warriors only loyal to sultans

41
Q

Ottoman Culture

A

Renaissance period, restored Constantinople and Hagia Sophia

42
Q

Consolidating Mughal Power in South Asia

A

Akbar wanted to reunite all of India, created strong administration and reformed tax system

43
Q

Akbar’s Social and Cultural Reform

A

Encouraged widow remarriage and intermarriages between Muslims and Hindus

44
Q

South Asia Under Jahangir and Shah Jahan

A

Retained tolerance with Hindus, added little territory for Mughal India.

45
Q

Songhai Empire

A

Askia Mohammad I seized power under Sunni Ali

46
Q

Martin Luther protested against

A

the Catholic Church’s use of indulgences (absolution from punishments for sin) and simony (selling of church offices)

47
Q

Martin Luther

A

wrote 95 Thesis, begins Protestant Reformation, excommunicated by Pope Leo X, called a heretic by Emperor Charles V

48
Q

Germany at War

A

German Princes get in a conflict with Luther, Charles V wins the war against Protestant Princes, Peace of Augsburg decides ruler decides state religion

49
Q

Henry VIII

A

King of England, wanted to divorce wife but Catholic Church would not allow

50
Q

Anglican Church

A

Started by King Henry, Parliament passed Act of Supremacy making King Henry the head of the Church

51
Q

Calvinism

A

Predestination - God predetermined the people who will be saved

52
Q

Results of Protestant Reformation

A

Spread of belief salvation could be achieved by faith alone, supports questioning of leaders, desire to read Bible and be literate, growth of printing press

53
Q

Catholic Counter Reformation

A

Council of Trent, Jesuits, Inquisition

54
Q

Council of Trent

A

abolished sale of indulgences and other abuses

55
Q

Jesuits

A

missionary effort

56
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Religious violence between Hugenot Calvinists and Catholics in France, France grants tolerance towards Hugenots

57
Q

Thirty Years War

A

Begins as a religious war between Catholics and Protestants in HRE, turns into war about Hapsburgs power, Treaty of Westphalia decides German princes choose the religion

58
Q

Islamic Religious Schisms

A

Ottoman : Siege of Constantinople changes relgion Eastern Orthodox -> Islam
Safavid : Shi’a vs Sunni
Mughal : Muslims vs Hindus but Akbar changed that and Sikhism was created

59
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

challenged Catholic Church, belief people could control and calculate environment

60
Q

Deism

A

a god created the Earth, but its only role was to set natural laws in motion, reconciles religion with science

Chaminade (51 decks)

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