Land Based Empires - AP World Flashcards
New Independent Russia
Ivan III refused to pay Mongol tribute, began in Moscow
Ivan the Great (IiI)
Makes Russian rule legitimate, declares himself tsar or ‘third Rome’, asserted control over Orthodox churches
Cossacks
Russian peasant pioneers/military recruits of Ivan III, expanded lead to Muslims in Central Asia in Russian territory
Ivan IV (the terrible)
Establishes absolute monarchy and dies without heir
Romanov Dynasty
Mikhail Romanov is first tsar and reesablished internal order, expanded borders to Ottoman
Ming China
Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang, rebelled against Mongols, returned China to Chinese traditions
Ming Political Reforms
Neo-Confucians increased influence, obedience to state, sought to limit influence of bureaucrats
Ming Social reforms
Civil service exams return, Neo-Confucian dominance, peasant life improved
Qing China
Emp. Kangxi expanded to Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia
Emp. Qianlong conquered Nepal but failed to take Burma and Vietnam
Qing Society
Patriarchal and Confucian, starts to decline 1800, rebellions by White Lotus and corruption
Gunpowder Empires
Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals, all Islamic
Ottoman Rise
Began in 1350 in Mondern Turkey, Mehmed II led to conquer Constantinople, then took Syria, Egypt, Notth Africa, Hungary, and Black and Red Seas
Ottoman Height
Suleiman the Magnificent led to their height, conquered Eastern Europe and tried to attack Vienna
Ottoman Decline
Internal military problems, Battle of Lepanto damaged navy, ignored Western technological advances
The Shi’a Safavids
Turkish nomadic group, practiced Shi’a Islam. Safi Al Din was a movement to purify Islam, spread religion throughout Turkey
Isma’il and thr Battle of Chaldiran
Isma’il was Emp.
Battle of Chaldiran was a conflict with Ottoman, featured new power of gunpowder, blocked Shi’Islam from spreading west
Abbas the Great
Safavid empire reached height of strength, welcomed European knowledge, wanted to become center of Islam
Safavid Power and Religion
Shahs-claimed to be descendants of Muhammad, Shi’ism expanded
Safavid Society and Economy
Shahs tried to balances power between social classes, land based trade
Safavid Culture
Originally Turkish, later Persian, Mullahs were mosque officials
Rapid Demise of Safavid Empire
Abbas I removed all suitable heirs, weak grandsons followed, admnistraton collapsed
Mughals in India
Babur founded, more interested in territorial expansion, poor admin leader
Mughal-Safavid War
Safavid Victory because Mughals were at war with Hindu Kush group
Mughal Art and Architecture
Blend of Persian and Hindu traditions, considered one of the peaks in Indian culture