Evolution 2 AP Biology - Dubon

Question 1

Convergent Evolution

Answer 1

When two different species evolve the same way with no common ancestor, analogous structures

Question 2

Divergent Evolution

Answer 2

When two species with a common ancestor evolved differently

Question 3

Cladogram

Answer 3

phylogenetic tree

Question 4

mutations

Answer 4

random process that contributes to phenotypic variation, and eventually evolution, only way to get a brand new trait

Question 5

mutations change

Answer 5

a proteins structure and function

Question 6

Silent mutation

Answer 6

No change at all, sometimes won’t change the amino acid at all

Question 7

Nonsense

Answer 7

dramatically bad, point mutation

Question 8

Missense

Answer 8

only one amino acid change

Question 9

carcinogens

Answer 9

cancer causing agents

Question 10

chewing tabacco

Answer 10

28 carcinogens

Question 11

cigarettes

Answer 11

43 carcinogens

Question 12

juuls

Answer 12

9 carcinogen

Question 13

__ possible codons, __ possible amino acids

Answer 13

64,20

Question 14

Point mutation

Answer 14

a mutation in which one nucleotide is switched, this may be no change, bad mutation, or rarely a good mutation

Question 15

frameshift mutation

Answer 15

mutation in which all codons “downstream” ofthe mutation are completely out of order (this causes ALL of the codons in the entire DNA sequence to be different, and all of the proteins are different)

Question 16

Macroevolution

Answer 16

serious changes to chromosome structure

Question 17

single nucleotide polymorphism

Answer 17

a one nucleotide base difference

Question 18

genetic drift

Answer 18

variation in the next generation by chance

Question 19

Bottleneck

Answer 19

Lot of variation -> drastic reduction in population -> rebound of population is similar to the smallest population

Question 20

Founder Effect

Answer 20

change in genetic frequencies in a population produced by the random sampling of a gene pool when a few individuals leave a population and establish a colony

Question 21

mutations and genetic draft can affect

Answer 21

phenotypic variation, while larger chromosomal changes have drastic evolutionary significance

Question 22

Theoretic equation

Answer 22

“theoretical” based on simple ideal situations

Question 23

5 conditions of a “stable, non-evolving population”

Answer 23

Population must be large, must be isolated from other populations, no mutations, random mating, no natural selection

Question 24

evidence for evolution through comparison

Answer 24

comparative morphology, genetics, and embryology

Question 25

Evidence for evolution

Answer 25

geological, geological, physical, biochemical, and mathamatical