AP Biology Units 8 & 1

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

“study of interactions” in an ecosystem

Question 2

phototropism

Answer 2

bending of plant towards light

Question 3

stimulus —>

Answer 3

reaction / behavior that very often goes to DNA/RNA level

Question 4

cooperative behavior leads to

Answer 4

reproductive success since they are more likely to survive

Question 5

altrustic behavior

Answer 5

an animal that preforms an action that benefits another individual at a cost to itself

Question 6

gene expression

Answer 6

DNA -> RNA -> Protien

Question 7

Animals use visual, textural, audible, electrical, and chemical signals to

Answer 7

indicate dominance, find food, establish territory, and ensure reproductive success

Question 8

foraging

Answer 8

finding food, could be done solitary or in a group

Question 9

endoderm

Answer 9

warm blooded, humans, able to maintain body temp

Question 10

ecotherm

Answer 10

cold blooded, can’t generate its own heat by internal chemistry

Question 11

r-strategists

Answer 11

“frog”, 1000s of offspring at a time, no parenting, a lot of predators

Question 12

K-strategists

Answer 12

“human”, 1 offspring at a time, lots of parenting

Question 13

carrying capacity

Answer 13

representation of how big a population is allowed to get given the limits of the environment

Question 14

autotrophs

Answer 14

make their own food through photosynthese or chemosynthesis

Question 15

heterotrophs

Answer 15

must eat food made by others

Question 16

metabolic rate

Answer 16

amount of energy required for organism to survive, related to size of organism

Question 17

symbiosis

Answer 17

interaction between two organisms

Question 18

competition symbiosis

Answer 18

both animals are losers as both waste energy

Question 19

keystone species

Answer 19

keeps ecosystem “in check”,

Question 20

biomass

Answer 20

“a way to measure the size of a population”

Question 21

dominant species

Answer 21

highest biomass in an ecosystem

Question 22

invasive species

Answer 22

non-native species inserted in a new environment where it wrecks havoc in the ecosystem

Question 23

human interaction with the environment

Answer 23

pollution, global warming, acid rain, acidification of ocean, eutrophication of lakes, invasive species, pesticides, ozone layer damage (fixed)

Question 24

carbohydrates

Answer 24

simple, quick energy source, pasta bread

Question 25

monosaccharides

Answer 25

sweet taste (candy), single ring, quick energy

Question 26

how do monosaccharides become disaccharides

Answer 26

condensation

Question 27

polysaccharide

Answer 27

mainly used for storage (starch, glycogen, chitin, cellulose)

Question 28

lipids

Answer 28

non polar long term energy source

Question 29

in substances like water lipids

Answer 29

are generally insoluble, reason they clog arteries

Question 30

fats consist of

Answer 30

1,2, or 3 fatty acid tails attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 31

saturated fats

Answer 31

bad, only single bonds

Question 32

unsaturated

Answer 32

better, at least one multiple bond

Question 33

trans fats

Answer 33

awful, forms plaque, contain double bond with H on opposite side, packs together easily

Question 34

omega 3 and omega-6

Answer 34

fatty acids that are essential because body can not synthesize them

Question 35

phospholipids

Answer 35

lipid with a glycerol backbone and two fatty acid tails

Question 36

hydrophobic interior

Answer 36

"fence" separates the outside and inside

Question 37

sterols

Answer 37

lipids with no fatty acid tails

Question 38

waxes

Answer 38

lipids with long - chain fatty acids tightly packed tightly

Question 39

structure of amino acid

Answer 39

central carbon, hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group, R-group

Question 40

the function of a protien depends on

Answer 40

protien's 3d shape

Question 41

4 levels of protien structure

Answer 41

primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary

Question 42

primary

Answer 42

created by peptide bonds

Question 43

secondary

Answer 43

hydrogen bonds, cause twist

Question 44

tertiary

Answer 44

r-groups interact, protien is functional

Question 45

quaternary

Answer 45

two or more polypeptide chains interacting, isn't always needed

Question 46

denaturation

Answer 46

when proteins loses 3D structure due to environmental change, losing its function

Question 47

nucliec acid

Answer 47

not a significant source of energy

Question 48

nucleotide is made of

Answer 48

base, phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar

Question 49

cohesion

Answer 49

H20 sticking together

Question 50

water has the highest surface tension b/c

Answer 50

the cohesion of water molecules have between one another

Question 51

electronegativity

Answer 51

a measurement of how much an atom wants to gain an electron

Question 52

ironic bonds

Answer 52

bonding of two oppositely charged irons formed after the transfer of electrons b/c electronegative's elements are very different (metal & non metal)

Question 53

Polar covalant bonds

Answer 53

electrons that are not shared evenly, occurs w/ two nonmetals

Question 54

non popar covalent bonds

Answer 54

electrons are evenly shared throughout the lolecule (two nonmetals)