Evolution 3 AP Biology - Dubon

Question 1

Common ancestry

Answer 1

evidence for evolution, all species essentially evolved from one common ancestor

Question 2

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 2

for all living things, show common ancestry

Question 3

membrane bound organelles

Answer 3

evidence for evolution as all eukaryotic cells have a cytroskeleton, membrane-bound organelles, linear chromosomes (have introns), and endomembrane systems

Question 4

Types of Natural Selection

Answer 4

Stabilizing selection (hetero focused), Directional selection (1 extreme focused), disruptive selection (2 extreme focused)

Question 5

bottleneck / founder effect

Answer 5

group of population is separated and the next generations are more similar to the split off population

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

all about shared traits

Question 7

Phylogeny

Answer 7

study of evolutionary relationships, phylogenetic trees/cladograms are visual representations

Question 8

cladograms are constructed based on

Answer 8

“morphological” traits but now we have a more accurate method of determining evolutionary relationships, cladograms are a “best guest”

Question 9

outgroup (cladogram)

Answer 9

group that diverged before the lineage evolved (left side)

Question 10

ingroup (cladogram)

Answer 10

groups of interest (all but the outgroups)

Question 11

clade

Answer 11

a full lineage

Question 12

Nodes (cladogram)

Answer 12

splits between lineages

Question 13

no variation + change in environment =

Answer 13

extiction

Question 14

of mass extictions on Earth

Answer 14

5, all over 65 million years ago

Question 15

Causes for lack of biodiversity

Answer 15

habitat loss, invasive species, overexploration, pollution, climate change associated with global warming

Question 16

influencers for the causes for the lack of biodiversity

Answer 16

human population growth, increasing consumption, reduced resource efficiency

Question 17

niche

Answer 17

your role in the environment

Question 18

adaptive radiation

Answer 18

had a common ancestor, then evolved to fill different roles in an environment

Question 19

extiction of species provides a new niche in an ecosystem that can be filled by different species, leading to

Answer 19

adaptive radiation

Question 20

3.9 -3.5 billion years ago RNA…

Answer 20

basically did all the work DNA did (“RNA world”)