Collapse, Corruption, Reform - HOSII

Question 1

Which system followed after Charlemagne’s death

Answer 1

Feudalism

Question 2

Vikings

Answer 2

sea going raiders from Scandinavia

Question 3

one of the main reasons feudalism emerged

Answer 3

vikings preyed on weakly protected territory, especcially monasteries, churches, and convents

Question 4

Lay investiture

Answer 4

emperors claimed right to appoint bishops and granted them certain authority over territory

Question 5

benefices

Answer 5

permanent appointments to bishops and abbots from emperors

Question 6

Nepotism

Answer 6

appointing familiy members to important positions

Question 7

simony

Answer 7

selling of church offices

Question 8

William the Pious

Answer 8

Duke of Aquitaine, gave land for the foundation of a monastery at Cluny

Question 9

St. Berno

Answer 9

1st abbot of Cluny monastery,began renewal of commitment to Rule of St. Benedict

Question 10

Cluniac Spirituality

Answer 10

Strict adherence to the Rule of St. Benedict, greater emphasis on spiritual life, greater asceticism

Question 11

Cluniac influence

Answer 11

by 1100, over 1400 monasteries under Cluny’s rule, led to greater spiritual life in the Church

Question 12

“White Monks”

Answer 12

Cistercians

Question 13

St. Robert of Molesme

Answer 13

Founded Cistercians from Cluny

Question 14

Cistercians

Answer 14

Emphasized auterity, farming, and simplicity of life, worked for conversion of Slavs

Question 15

St. Bernard of Clairvaux

Answer 15

2nd Founder of Cluny, shaped the Church of the 12th century through his writings and advice to kings and popes

Question 16

Cathusians

Answer 16

Founded by St. Bruno, lived like hermits in a cloister

Question 17

Lay Investiture Controversy

Answer 17

question of who should appoint bishops, secular, or religious leaders

Question 18

Pope St. Gregory VII

Answer 18

Sought to remove the Church from secular control, “Dictatus Papae”

Question 19

“Dictatus Papae”

Answer 19

Pope has special powers given him alone by God

Question 20

Spiritual power

Answer 20

call councils, define tenets of faith, remove bishops

Question 21

Temporal powers

Answer 21

could depose rulers and free their subjects of their obligation to obey them

Question 22

Frederick I

Answer 22

claimed authority over Bishop of Rome and over Papal States, war for control of Northern Italy failed and he eventually reconciled

Question 23

Pope Innocent III

Answer 23

Most powerful pope of Middle Ages, called himself “Vicar of Christ”, placed France and England under Interdict, treated kings as vassals

Question 24

Interdict

Answer 24

regions denied of sacraments

Question 25

HRE Henry IV

Answer 25

appointed bishop against ST. Gregory’s orders, sought forgiveness dressed as a pilgrim for 3 days, then forced Gregory into exile

Question 26

Concordat

Answer 26

Agreement reached 40 years later, Spiritual authority of bishop given by the Church alone, Emperor had to allow free election of bishops but had right to veto, civil authorities could give temporal power to bishop

Question 27

Henry II England

Answer 27

Appointed his friend and chancellor, St. Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury

Question 28

Constitution of Clarendon

Answer 28

Henry tried to exert authority of church, Thomas fought against this and was forced into exile, returned and was murdered, Henry does penance

Question 29

Murder in Cathedral

Answer 29

St. Thomas’s death

Question 30

Fall of Holy Land

Answer 30

Islam controlled empire between Persia and Spain

Question 31

Council of Clermont Date

Answer 31

1095

Question 32

Council of Clermont

Answer 32

Pope Urban II calls of Christian knights to take up the cross, “Deus Volt” - God wiils it

Question 33

Jerusalem is captured by Crusaders date

Answer 33

1099

Question 34

First Crusade

Answer 34

Holy Land captured, only true successful Crusade

Question 35

Second Crusade

Answer 35

Louis VII of France & Conrad III of Germany, Failure

Question 36

Third Crusade

Answer 36

Crusade of 3 Kings, Richard I, Philip II & Frederick Barbarosa, Failure managed to negotiate some rights for Christian Pilgrims

Question 37

Fourth Crusade

Answer 37

Instead of attacking Jerusalem, Constantinople was sacked. Permanent damage to East-West Chirstian relations

Question 38

Results of Crusade

Answer 38

Basically a failure, Violence was misdirected, 4th crusade damaged east/west relations, main possitives where economic, weaken feudal system

Question 39

Christendom

Answer 39

Church and State were interwoven

Question 40

Inquisition

Answer 40

trials held to uncover heretics and to get them to repent

Question 41

Albigensian heresy

Answer 41

Known as Cathars, form of gnosticism, rejected common church practices

Question 42

Innocent III called a crusade to

Answer 42

suppress the heresy of Albigensians, result of thousands killed and heresy went underground

Question 43

Inquisitors

Answer 43

worked within civil system, frequently came from Dominican and Franciscan orders, well trained in theology

Question 44

Process of Inquisition

Answer 44

Inquisitor would announce a “term of grace”, had month to confess their sins, trialsfor those who don’t confess

Question 45

Spanish Inquisition

Answer 45

Significantly more violent than Papal Inquisition