Evolution AP Biology - Dubon

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

genetic change in population over time

Question 2

Fitness is determined by

Answer 2

ability to reproduce

Question 3

Darwin

Answer 3

“father of evolution”, studied finches on Galapocos Islands

Question 4

Rose Mary and Peter Grant expirement

Answer 4

recreate Darwin’s expirement, 1986 a drought occured and short beaked finches were fit

Question 5

what determines evolution and what is fit?

Answer 5

environment

Question 6

Natural Selection

Answer 6

Environment determines fitness

Question 7

Artificial Selection

Answer 7

humans determine fitness (breeding)

Question 8

LaMarck

Answer 8

had incorrect theory that offspring received favorable traits

Question 9

Which kinds of populations are more sensitive to environmental and human created changes

Answer 9

small and homogeneous

Question 10

Biotic factor

Answer 10

a living thing that affects the ecosystem

Question 11

abiotic factor

Answer 11

a non living thing that affects the ecosystem

Question 12

How do you tell a population is evolving?

Answer 12

Hardy-Weinberg equation

Question 13

Selection pressure

Answer 13

the event that causes change in environment to affect a population

Question 14

Main Dogma of Life

Answer 14

DNA-RNA-Protien

Question 15

How do sexually reproducing organisms create genetic diversity?

Answer 15

crossing over during prophase I, random metaphase I alignment, random fertilization (2 unique gametes)

Question 16

without genetic diversity, there is no

Answer 16

phenotyic variation

Question 17

single nucleotide polymorphism increases

Answer 17

genetic diversity

Question 18

MRSA

Answer 18

a form of anti-biotic resistant bacterial strain

Question 19

Antibiotic resistance example

Answer 19

an example that shows a population that is diverse will survive changes in the environment

Question 20

Global warming

Answer 20

environmental change that forces evolution, a small change can create a big difference

Question 21

Sickle RBC

Answer 21

carries O2 poorly, but resistant to malaria

Question 22

Normal RBC

Answer 22

carries O2 well, but dies to malaria

Question 23

Malaria/Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 23

shows Heterozygote advantage as having both alleles is most fit compared to homozygous alleles

Question 24

Genetic Drift (microevolution)

Answer 24

variation in the next generation by chance

Question 25

Genetic Drift is significant in which populations?

Answer 25

smaller populations (think flipping a coin 10 vs 10,000 times)

Question 26

Gene flow

Answer 26

new alleles immigrate into one place, and emigrate becoming lost alleles

Question 27

Gene Allele Frequency

Answer 27

the % of a gene pool with a specific allele, always adds to 100, Hardy-Weinberg equation

Question 28

Speciation (macroevolution)

Answer 28

new species being formed, usually through isolation

Question 29

species

Answer 29

organisms that can mate and produce offspring

Question 30

Evidence for evolution

Answer 30

Comparative morphology (homologous/ analogous structures), comparative embryology, comparative genetics

Question 31

sympatric spectation

Answer 31

no physical barrier but reproductively isolated

Question 32

allopatric speciation

Answer 32

physical barrier and reproductively isolated (most common)

Question 33

Reproductive Isolation Mechanisms cause

Answer 33

speciation

Question 34

Temporal

Answer 34

occurs when two species mate at different times of the year

Question 35

Ecological

Answer 35

occurs when two species occupy different habitats

Question 36

Behavioral

Answer 36

Occurs when two species have different courtship behaviors

Question 37

Mechanical

Answer 37

Occurs when physical differences prevent copulation / pollination

Question 38

Hybrid Inviability

Answer 38

Hybrids are produced but fail to develop maturity

Question 39

Hybrid infertillity

Answer 39

Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes

Question 40

Hybrid breakdown

Answer 40

F1 hybrids are fertile, but F2 generation fails to develop properly

Question 41

The agents of evolution are

Answer 41

females

Question 42

Phyletic Gradualism

Answer 42

idea that evolution occurs at a slow but steady pace

Question 43

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 43

idea that most of the time species are stable but every now and then an event occurs that prompts rapid change