HOS II Unit 6 Flashcards by Matthew Cinque

Martin Luther’s father

Strict father, wanted him to be a lawyer

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Legend of the Lightning storm

Asked God to spare his life in a storm; would become a monk if he survived, became Augustinian monk

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Luther’s view of God

A righteous lawgiver and administrator of justice, fixated on sin, damnation, punishment, and God’s wrath

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Date Luther posts 95 Theses

October 31, 1517

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95 Theses

contained statements regarding Church practices - mainly indulgences and the selling of indulgences

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Johann Tetzel

Well known for selling indulgences

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After being corrected by the Church, Luther

Refused to recant

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Pope Leo X offers Luther

2 months to recant or face excommunication. Luther burnt letter and said he should have burned the Pope

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Indulgences remiss

Temporal sin

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Sola Scriptura

(Scripture Alone) Scripture is considered the only authority on faith and doctrine

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Sola Fide

(Faith Alone) Salvation is acquired simply by believing in God’s mercy

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Sola Gratia

(Grace Alone) Every good action is a direct result of God’s grace

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Solo Christo

(Christ Alone) Christ is the sole mediator of grace

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Luther on Sacraments

Rejects all sacraments, except Baptism and Eucharist

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Luther on Eucharist

Luther reinterprets the Real Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist as “consubstantiation”

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Consubstantiation

Bread and wine coexist with the Body and Blood of Jesus

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Diet of Worms

condemned Luther as a heretic, Luther was then kidnapped by supporters and his at a castle in Wartberg, translates Bible in Germanic

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HRE Charles V

Calls Diet of Worms

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Peasants Revolt

German Princes saw political opportunity in Luther’s cause, cause trickled down to peasant class

Augsburg Confession

Attempt to resolve conflict between Catholics and Lutherans, conflict resumes

Peace of Augsburg

declares the Prince as the one to set the religion of his own area

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Calvin’s most significant writing, summarizes Calvin’s beliefs

Calvin’s beliefs

Scripture is sole source of Revalation, denied sacraments and practices not found in the Bible, man was incapable of good acts

Calvin’s Predestination theory

God predestines some people for salvation, others for damnation, wealth becomes a sign of God’s favor

Theocracy in Geneva

Calvin takes control of Geneva where he established a religious totalitarianism, maintained lists of "pious" and "corrupt" people

King Henry VIII

Wanted an annulment with Catherine of Aragon b/c they did not have a son, had fallen in love with Anne Boleyn, founds Anglican Church

The Act of Supremecy

Proclaims the King as the supreme head of the Church in England

Sts. Thomas More and John Fisher

famous martyrdoms that remained loyal to the Pope in England

Thomas Cromwell

Henry's adviser, oversaw the confiscation of all Church property, including all English monasteries

In terms of theology, Henry viewed himself as

Catholic, he fought against Lutheran teachings, advisers secretly promoted Lutheran ideas

Edward VI

Allowed thoas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury,to run the church, introduces Lutheran and Calvinist reforms, Book of Common Prayer

Mary I

Tries to restore Catholicism, nicknamed Bloody Mary for executing 227 peopl

Elizabeth I

Promoted Protestant beliefs, maintained Catholic appearances, made any formof Catholicism illegal

Council of Trent date

1545

Coucil of Trent

Called by Pope Paul III to bring true reform to the Church and respond to Protestant heresies

Scripture and Tradition in Council of Trent

- Scripture and Tradition are sources of God's revalation and they interpreted by HS

Original Sin in Council of Trent

- Original Sin does not destroy man's ability to cooperate with grace

Sacraments in Council of Trent

all seven were instituted by Christ as a mean of salvation

Clergy in Council of Trent

halted abuses and illict benefits some clergy received, established seminary system to educate clergy, Bishops ordered to live in their dioceses

Other reforms of Council of Trent

Relics and saints more clearly defined, role of indulgences clearly defined, Index of forbidden Books made to guide Catholics away from heresy, Catechism created

Discalced Carmelites

a reformation of the Carmelite order undertaken by St. Teresa of Avila and St. Joh of the Cross

St. Phillip Neri

"Reformer of Rome",founded "Oratorians", helped make Rome once again the central city of Catholicism

St. Ignatius of Loyola background

Spanish nobleman, trained to be a knight, spent a year in a cave focusing on prayer and what God whanted him to do, enrolled in University

Founding of the Jesuits

while in university, St. Ignatius attracts followers and became the Society of Jesus

Jesuits

monastic group which took a special vow of obedience to the Pope, known for militaristic discipline and total service to the Church and poor

Jesut influence

sought to counteract Protestantism, served as Catholic advisers to many rulers

Jesuit collapse

Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Jesuit Order, Pope Pius VII restores Jesuits 40 years later