Phenytoin Flashcards
What is the trade name for phenytoin
Dilantin
Drug classification for phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic
How is phenytoin supplied?
2 and 5mL ampules containing 50 mg/mL
Actions (Pharmacodynamics) for phenytoin
Anticonvulsant: stabilizes neuronal membranes and limits seizure activity by either increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes in the motor cortex during generation of nerve impulses.
Indications for the use of phenytoin
Status epilepticus refractory to benzodiazepines
Dosage for phenytoin (Dilantin)
Seizures: 15-20 mg/kg IV infusion dilute to a maximum concentration of 10mg/ml (*do not exceed 50 mg/min.)
How long should an IV infusion of phenytoin (Dilantin) be given over?
75kg or less: over at least 30 min
76kg to 150kg: over at least 60 min
151kg or greater: over at least 90 min
Contraindications - phenytoin (Dilantin)
❑ Hypersensitivity
❑ Bradycardia
❑ High grade heart block ex. 2nd and 3rd, Adam Stokes Syndrome
❑ Concurrent toxic ingestion (e.g., TCA, cocaine, etc.)
Precautions - phenytoin (Dilantin)
❑ If patient takes phenytoin daily, blood levels should be determined before administration.
❑ Benzodiazepines, amiodorone and allopurinol increase phenytoin effects.
Can you administer phenytoin through PICC lines?
Do not administer through PICC lines as it will precipitate and block the line
What do you do if you’re administering phenytoin IV and the patient becomes hypotensive?
Stop administration if hypotension develops; bolus NS and restart infusion if BP tolerates it.
If administration of phenytoin exceeds ____mg/min, severe hypotension and cardiovascular collapse may occur.
50 mg/min
Why must phenytoin only be diluted with normal saline?
Phenytoin is incompatible with solutions containing dextrose. Do not dilute with D5W; only NS.
What must you use when administering phenytoin IV?
Must run through micro filter.
