Pharmacology of Psychomotor Stimulants Flashcards
xNicotine preferentially acts on nicotinic receptors. For which receptors does nicotine have an affinity?
Nn»_space; Nm
This drug is a partial agonist of Nn receptors. What is its use?
Varenicline - used exclusively for smoking cessation
This drug acts by promoting the presynaptic release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin AND inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine.
Amphetamines
What life-threatening ADR is associated with cocaine toxicity?
Cardiac arrhythmia
What is unique about the physiologic effects of nicotine?
Nicotine has a dual effect. It initially stimulates via depolarization. This is followed by inhibition due to the inactivation of ion channels.
What is the active metabolite of cocaine?
Benzoylecgonine
What is the active metabolite of nicotine?
Cotinine
What is the proposed MOA of caffeine?
Inhibits the phosphodiesterase and increases cAMP, inhibits adenosine receptors, promotes histone deacetylation
Nicotine stimulates sympathetic ganglia. What effects are seen in the GI tract due to nicotine?
Nicotine activates parasympathetic receptors in the GI tract and exocrine glands. This causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and gland activation
This drug is a non-selective agonist of nicotinic receptors.
Nicotine
What treatment is recommended for nicotine OD?
Symptom management and activated charcoal
What is the MOA of cocaine?
Inhibits the dopamine transporter, also reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
This antidepressant is also approved for smoking cessation. What is its MOA?
Bupropion - inhibits reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, nicotinic antagonist
What drugs are used to treat cocaine use disorder?
Topiramate, baclofen, modafinil
How does drug dependence differ from addiction?
Drug dependence is a physical condition that includes tolerance and withdrawal symptoms if the drug is removed.
Drug addiction is a psychological condition in which there is a compulsion to use the drug.
This is a gradual process of decreasing drug doses to prevent withdrawal symptoms and wean a patient off a drug.
Detoxification
How long are cocaine metabolites detectable in the urine?
2-5 days, up to 10
Caffeine can cause frequent urination. Why is this?
Caffeine acts as a weak diuretic, causing more frequent urination
How does the MAO of cocaine and amphetamines differ?
Cocaine prevents catecholamine reuptake. Amphetamines prevent reupdate AND promote release of catecholamines from the presynaptic vesicle.
Modafinil is used to treat what conditions?
Shift work sleep disorders, narcolepsy, sleep apnea
This drug is an amphetamine used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD.
Methylphenidate
True/False. Caffeine causes bronchoconstriction.
False. It causes bronchodilation by inhibiting adenosine receptors.