Pharmacology of Anti-Emetics Flashcards
What receptors are located in the vestibular system?
M1 & H1
This emetic mechanism responds to information about motion and equilibrium.
Vestibular System
This emetic mechanism responds to mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors.
GI tract
This D2 antagonist is most often used to treat anesthetic-induced emesis.
Droperidol
What benzodiazepines are used to prevent stress-induced emesis?
Diazepam & lorazepam
This D2 antagonist is also a weak antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors and treats emesis due to chemotherapy.
Metoclopramide
This class of anti-emetics may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives.
NK1 antagonists
What receptors are located in the chemoreceptor trigger zone?
D2, 5-HT3, NK1
What corticosteroid is used as an anti-emetic?
Dexamethasone (often combined with a 5-HT3 antagonist)
True/False. In high doses, cannabinoids may cause emesis.
True - this is called cannabis hyperemesis syndrome
This class of drugs is used primarily to treat drug-induced emesis.
D2 antagonists
This emetic mechanism responds directly to chemical stimuli in the blood and CSF.
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
What is the MOA of aprepitant, fosaprepitant, and rolapitant?
NK1 antagonists (receptor for substance P)
These anti-emetics are used primarily to treat motion sickness and labyrinth disorders.
Anticholinergics (scopalamine), Anti-Histamines (meclizine), diphenhydramine (both MOA)
What anti-emetic is associated with anxiety, restlessness, and depression?
Metoclopramide (D2 antagonist)
What is the MOA of diphenhydramine?
Both anticholinergic and anti-histamine properties
What are the 5-HT3 antagonist anti-emetics?
Dolasteron, palonosteron
This class of anti-emetics is becoming more commonly used for chemotherapy-induced and post-operative emesis.
5-HT3 antagonists
What anti-emetic is a cannabinoid?
Dronanibol
This emetic mechanism responds to visual, emotional, and other high-level stimuli.
Higher cortical centers
What ADRs are unique to Droperidol?
Dose-dependent QT prolongation
These classes of anti-emetics inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme.
NK1 antagonists, cannabinoids
What receptors are located in the GI tract related to emesis?
5-HT3
NK1 antagonists should never be combined with what anti-psychotic?
Thioridazine
These D2 antagonists are most effective for nausea in GI disorders and block alpha, cholinergic, and histamine receptors.
Perchlorperazine