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Boards Prep > Pathology of CNS Neoplasms > Flashcards

Pathology of CNS Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

What neoplasm is said to have “motor oil-like” cysts and a “wet keratin” histologic appearance?

A

Craniopharyngiomas

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2
Q

What is the histologic appearance of an oligodendroglioma?

A

Cleared cytoplasm forming “halos” with thin capillaries resembling “chicken wire”

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3
Q

What neoplasm has a whorld pattern on histological testing?

A

Meningioma

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4
Q

Elongated cytoplasmic process “hair cells” and Rosenthal fibers are histological findings associated with what CNS neoplasms?

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

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5
Q

What is the most common CNS tumor?

A

Meningioma

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6
Q

von Hippel-Lindau disease is associated with a mutation of what gene?

A

VHL gene

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7
Q

What clinical findings may be seen with a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma?

A

Growth within the lateral ventricles that may cause hydrocephalus

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8
Q

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial tumors (DNET) are rich in what protein?

A

Muchin

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9
Q

The BRAF gene is associated with what neoplasm that arises in the temporal lobe?

A

Ganglioglioma

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10
Q

Meningiomas are more common in women. Why is this?

A

The tumor expresses a variety of hormone receptors, such as progesterone, which are higher in women

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11
Q

Early puberty in children may be associated with the presence of what neoplasm?

A

Pineal gland tumor

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12
Q

True/False. Meningiomas compress, but do not invade the brain.

A

True - they are often attached to the dura with symptoms dependent upon the area of the brain impacted

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13
Q

Meningiomas may occur due to several different etiologies. What are possible etiologies?

A

Mutation of NF2, Neurofibromatosis Type 2, Radiation complications

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14
Q

Astrocytomas are a type of neuroepithelial tumor that occur after the first decade. What cells do they arise from?

A

Astrocytes (glial cell precursors)

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15
Q

What is the WHO grade of a medulloblastoma?

A

Grade IV

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16
Q

What is the most common neoplasm in immunosuppressed persons?

A

Primary CNS Lymphoma

17
Q

These tumors secrete melatonin.

A

Pineal gland tumors

18
Q

What is the histologic appearance of an ependymoma?

A

True and pseudo rosettes

19
Q

What tumor is associated with Homer Wright rosettes and “small round blue cells?”

A

Medulloblastoma

20
Q

Where do most ependymomas occur?

A

Spinal cord

21
Q

Choroid plexus tumors often cause hydrocephalus. How does their presentation differ in children and adults?

A

In children, they occur in the lateral ventricles. In adults, they occur in the fourth ventricle

22
Q

Hemangiomas are highly vascular tumors often found in the cerebellum. What disease is associated with increased risk of hemangiomas?

A

von Hippel-Linadu disease

23
Q

Choroid plexus tumors primarily occur in children. What is the WHO grade?

A

Grade III

24
Q

Metastatic tumors of the CNS most often originate where in the body?

A

Breast or Lungs

25
Q

What rare neoplasm is Grade I and is associated with epilepsy?

A

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial tumor (DNET)

26
Q

Where do most adult CNS neoplasms occur?

A

Cerebral hemispheres above the tentorium

27
Q

What are the most common CNS neoplasms in adults?

A

Meningiomas & Gliomas

28
Q

Where do most pediatric CNS neoplasms occur?

A

In the posterior fossa

29
Q

Ependymomas are associated with what gene?

A

NF2 on Chromosome 22

30
Q

What type of neoplasm is described as having a “butterfly” shape with pseudopalisading necrosis?

A

Glioblastoma

31
Q

A polyploid or cauliflower-like papillary lesion is likely due to what neoplasm?

A

Choroid plexus tumor

32
Q

True/False. Most CNS cysts are asymptomatic.

A

True. They are often found incidentally

33
Q

What is the most common embryonal tumor?

A

Medulloblastoma, located in the cerebellum

34
Q

This type of neoplasm is associated with Tuberous Sclerosis in children.

A

Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma (SEGA)

35
Q

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with what neoplasm?

A

Primary CNS Lymphoma

36
Q

What biomarker is most associated with Primary CNS Lymphomas?

A

CD20 (B-cell marker)

37
Q

This neoplasm is associated with mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes on chromosomes 1 & 19.

A

Oligodendroglioma

38
Q

What is the etiology of craniopharyngiomas?

A

Arise from remnants of Rathke’s pouch

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