Clinical Common Disorders of the Eye & Eyelid

Question 1

What term describes a difference in pupil size at baseline?

Answer 1

Anisocoria

Question 2

A patient presents to the clinic with a bright yellow substance in the corners of the eye. What is a potential diagnosis?

Answer 2

Thyroid eye disease

Question 3

A growth on the eye requiring surgical intervention is termed?

Answer 3

Pterygium

Question 4

What is the treatment for a subhyloid vitreous hemorrhage?

Answer 4

Self-healing, but must treat primary cause (ex: hypertension)

Question 5

During a physical exam, you notice an abnormal pupillary response. What are differential diagnoses you are considering?

Answer 5

CN II or III damage, Horner’s syndrome, sympathomimetic medications, stimulant drugs, pinpoint pupils

Question 6

The sensory corneal-reflex tests which CNs?

Answer 6

Sensory of CN V & motor of CN VII

Question 7

True/False. Veins appear darker in a fundoscopic exam.

Answer 7

True. Veins appear darker and thicker. Arteries are lighter and slightly thinnger

Question 8

What CN is responsible for pupil dilation?

Answer 8

CN III via the ciliary muscles

Question 9

What is dyschromatopsia?

Answer 9

Impairment of color vision - often red and green

Question 10

True/False. Nearsightedness and farsightedness are examples of refractive vision loss.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

What are examples of non-refractive vision loss?

Answer 11

Glaucoma, cataracts, retinoblastoma

Question 12

What is relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?

Answer 12

Asymmetry of the pupillary light reflex that may indicate damage to the visual pathway

Question 13

What are the common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 13

Strep pneumoniae, Staph aureus, Haemophilus influenzae

Question 14

A patient is under general anesthesia for eye surgery. Halfway into the procedure, the patient’s HR drops drastically. What is the likely reason?

Answer 14

Occulocardiac reflex -reduction in HR due to pressure on eye structures. Neonates and children are particularly sensitive

Question 15

What is a drusen?

Answer 15

Buildup of lipids or proteins within the retina

Question 16

Accumulation within the lens that impairs vision is termed?

Answer 16

Cataract

Question 17

What is the common cause of viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 17

Adenoviruses

Question 18

Drooping and outward turning of the eyelid that requires surgical correction is termed…?

Answer 18

Ectropion

Question 19

True/False. The optic disc is always on the nasal side.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What are the differences between the clinical manifestation and causes of styes vs. chalazia?

Answer 20

Styes are secondary to an infectious process. They are often painful, red, and swollen.

Chalazia are due to blockage of Meibomian glands and appear swollen, but are painless.

Question 21

What does a positive pinhole exam indicate?

Answer 21

Refractive vision loss