Clinical Common Disorders of the Eye & Eyelid Flashcards
What term describes a difference in pupil size at baseline?
Anisocoria
A patient presents to the clinic with a bright yellow substance in the corners of the eye. What is a potential diagnosis?
Thyroid eye disease
A growth on the eye requiring surgical intervention is termed?
Pterygium
What is the treatment for a subhyloid vitreous hemorrhage?
Self-healing, but must treat primary cause (ex: hypertension)
During a physical exam, you notice an abnormal pupillary response. What are differential diagnoses you are considering?
CN II or III damage, Horner’s syndrome, sympathomimetic medications, stimulant drugs, pinpoint pupils
The sensory corneal-reflex tests which CNs?
Sensory of CN V & motor of CN VII
True/False. Veins appear darker in a fundoscopic exam.
True. Veins appear darker and thicker. Arteries are lighter and slightly thinnger
What CN is responsible for pupil dilation?
CN III via the ciliary muscles
What is dyschromatopsia?
Impairment of color vision - often red and green
True/False. Nearsightedness and farsightedness are examples of refractive vision loss.
True.
What are examples of non-refractive vision loss?
Glaucoma, cataracts, retinoblastoma
What is relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?
Asymmetry of the pupillary light reflex that may indicate damage to the visual pathway
What are the common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Strep pneumoniae, Staph aureus, Haemophilus influenzae
A patient is under general anesthesia for eye surgery. Halfway into the procedure, the patient’s HR drops drastically. What is the likely reason?
Occulocardiac reflex -reduction in HR due to pressure on eye structures. Neonates and children are particularly sensitive
What is a drusen?
Buildup of lipids or proteins within the retina
Accumulation within the lens that impairs vision is termed?
Cataract
What is the common cause of viral conjunctivitis?
Adenoviruses
Drooping and outward turning of the eyelid that requires surgical correction is termed…?
Ectropion
True/False. The optic disc is always on the nasal side.
True
What are the differences between the clinical manifestation and causes of styes vs. chalazia?
Styes are secondary to an infectious process. They are often painful, red, and swollen.
Chalazia are due to blockage of Meibomian glands and appear swollen, but are painless.
What does a positive pinhole exam indicate?
Refractive vision loss
