Acute & Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

What chemicals mediate pain?

Answer 1

Prostaglandins, bradykinin, substance p

Question 2

The absence of sialyl-lewis glycoprotein causes what disease?

Answer 2

LAD II

Question 3

Patients with MPO deficiency often present with what?

Answer 3

Recurrent Canidia infections

Question 4

Macrophages are seen in what type of inflammation?

Answer 4

Chronic inflammation

Question 5

What is the primary mediator of vasodilation in acute inflammation?

Answer 5

Histamine

Question 6

What immune cells are most prominent in acute inflammation?

Answer 6

Neutrophils

Question 7

What protein mediates the transmigration of leukocytes from across the endothelium?

Answer 7

PECAM-1

Question 8

What enzyme is defective in Chronic Granulomatous disease?

Answer 8

NADPH Oxidase - cannot form ROS

Question 9

What is the clinical presentation of LAD II?

Answer 9

Shore stature, developmental delay, recurrent infections, leukocytosis

Question 10

What are the characteristics of purulent/suppurative inflammation?

Answer 10

Exudate of pus filled with neutrophils caused by bacterial infection

Question 11

What cytokine stimulates monocytes to divide?

Answer 11

IL-6

Question 12

A patient presents with an ulcerative lesion, but no pus is present. What immune disorder may they have?

Answer 12

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)

Question 13

What receptors mediate leukocyte rolling?

Answer 13

Selectins

Question 14

What is the function of MPO?

Answer 14

Forms hypochlorous acid that amplifies the effects of ROS

Question 15

What chemicals mediate leukocyte adhesion and activation?

Answer 15

IL-1, TNF, chemokines, complement, Leukotrienes

Question 16

How can MPO deficiency and Chronic Granulomatous disease be differentiated in a laboratory?

Answer 16

NPT is normal in MPO deficiency, but colorless in Chronic Granulomatous disease

Question 17

Scarring of tissue by fibrin is a form of what type of acute inflammation?

Answer 17

Fibrous inflammation

Question 18

What protein on leukocytes binds to selectins?

Answer 18

Sialyl-Lewis X-modified glycoprotein

Question 19

Integrins mediate what process of leukocyte activation in acute inflammation?

Answer 19

Adhesion to endothelium

Question 20

What is the clinical presentation of LAD I?

Answer 20

Delayed umbilical cord separation, omphalitis (inflammation of umbilicus), periodontitis

Question 21

A patient has defects in phagolysosomal fusion that increases susceptibility to pyogenic infections. What defect is present? What is the name of the disorder?

Answer 21

Mutation in CHS1/LYST gene - Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Question 22

Epitheliod cells play a role in what type of diseases?

Answer 22

Granulomatous diseases

Question 23

Friction blister is a form of what type acute inflammation?

Answer 23

Serous inflammation - separation of dermis and epidermis by serous effusion

Question 24

What is the clincal presentation of Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

Answer 24

Oculocutaneous albinism, defective primary hemostasis, coagulation defect s (easy bruising)

Question 25

What causes LAD I?

Answer 25

Deficiency/defect in b-2 integrin (CD18)

Question 26

What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?

Answer 26

Tissue destruction

Question 27

What are the three components of acute inflammation?

Answer 27

Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, emigration of leukocytes

Question 28

Histamine, serotonin, and complement mediate what response in acute inflammation?

Answer 28

Vascular permeability