Pharmacology of ADHD Drugs Flashcards
What are the contraindications for the use of stimulants to treat ADHD?
Hypertension, CVD, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, drug abuse, seizure disorders, MAOI use
What is the neurochemical basis of ADHD?
Hypofunctioning of dopaminergic and NE systems –> decreased functioning of reward pathways
This ADHD medication may be used to treat narcolepsy.
Methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate
Amphetamines affect the CNS. What other effects do they have on the body?
Indirect sympathomimetic effects due to inhibited NE reuptake
Patients with substance abuse concerns should not be prescribed these drugs to treat ADHD.
Amphetamines
ADHD is estimated to be between 75-90% heritable. What genes are associated with inattentive and hyperactive symptoms?
DAT1 genes
These drugs are used to treat ADHD when stimulants and SNRIs are ineffective, but may take longer to be effective.
Alpha-agonists (inhibit NE release) - Clonidine, guanfacine
What drugs are used as last-line treatment for ADHD?
TCAs, Bupropion
What drugs are used to treat ADHD when there is a risk of substance abuse?
SNRIs - Atomoxetine (preferred), Viloxazine
What ADRs are associated with amphetamines?
Anorexia, weight loss, growth compromises
How are methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate metabolized and excreted?
Metabolized by the liver and excreted in urine
What is the MOA of methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate?
Inhibit NE and dopamine reuptake.
What is the MOA of amphetamine in ADHD treatment?
Inhibit dopamine and NE reuptake, increase dopamine release, MAO inhibitor
How are amphetamines metabolized and excreted?
Metabolized by the liver and excreted in urine
True/False. Gold standard treatment of ADHD involves both nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment plans.
True
