Pharmacology of Mood Disorders Flashcards
What is the neurotrophic hypothesis of mood disorders?
Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) causes dysregulation of neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity, thus leading to mood disorders.
What is the monoamine hypothesis of mood disorders?
Depression is related to the amount or function of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
What is the neuroendocrine hypothesis of mood disorders?
Hormonal abnormalities (such as increased cortisol) causes decreased BDNF and thus depression
What are the subgroups of antidepressant medications?
SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, 5-HT antagonists, Heterocyclides, MAO inhibitors
What drugs belong to the SSRI class of antidepressants?
Citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline
What antidepressant is indicated for treating major depressive disorder with cognitive impairment?
Vortioxetine
What are the SNRI antidepressants?
Duloxetine, venlafaxime
What are the TCA antidepressants?
Amitriptiline, clomipramine, imipramine
What antidepressants are 5-HT antagonists?
Nefazodone, trazodone
What are the heterocyclic antidepressants?
Amoxapine, bupropion, mirtazapine, maprotiline
This antidepressant is also approved for smoking cessation.
Bupropion
What classes of antidepressants are considered “atypical antidepressants?”
5-HT antagonists, heterocyclics
What antidepressants are MAO inhibitors?
Phenelzine, selegiline, tranylcypromine
These classes of antidepressants have relatively high protein binding.
SSRIs, TCAs, 5-HT antagonists, MAO inhibitors
What antidepressant medication is indicated for the treatment of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia?
SNRIs - Duloxetine, venlafaxime
What class of antidepressants should only be used for MDD resistant to other treatments?
MAO inhibitors
What ADRs are associated with TCAs?
Coma, convulsions, cardiotoxicity
What ADRs are associated with SSRIs?
Nausea, headache, anxiety, agitation, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome
How is Lithium excreted from the body?
Unconjugated by the kidney
These drugs decrease renal clearance of lithium and increase risk of toxicity.
Thiazides, NSAIDs
What is the use of Lithium in the treatment of mood disorders?
Prophylaxis for mood stabilization in patients with bipolar disorder
What is the MOA of Lithium?
Suppresses IP3 & DAG signaling