Pediatric Considerations of the GI System, Nutrition, & Vitamins Flashcards
This condition is characterized by insufficient calories and nutrients.
Marasmus
True/False. A patient who is nutritionally deficient should immediately be started on a diet with adequate nutrition.
False - The goal is to lower a patient’s metabolic rate and slowly introduce a nutritious diet. Treatment too quickly poses the risk of refeeding syndrome.
True/False. Cow’s milk is not recommended for children under 1.
True - this is due to risk of scurvy. Children may be started on whole milk at 1yo and can transition to other milks after 2yo
How many calories should an infant receive based on their weight?
100 kcal for the first 10kg
50 kcal for the second 10kg
20 kcal for rest of kg
This vitamin is absent in breast milk and must be supplemented beginning at birth.
Vitamin D
A child presents to the office. They were recently adopted from Africa. Body weight is normal, but there is edema and muscle wasting. What is the likely diagnosis?
Kwashiorkor - sufficient calories with insufficient protein
Refeeding syndrome occurs when a deficient patient is treated too rapidly with nutrition. What problems characterize the disorder?
Fluid retention, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia
How long is breastfeeding recommended as the sole source of nutrition in infants?
4-6 months, and continued until 1yo
True/False. Honey should never be given to infants under the age of 1.
True - there is a risk of botulism
What rash presents with zinc deficiency?
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
This condition is characterized by adequate caloric intake, but insufficient protein intake.
Kwashiorkor
How can the adequacy of breast milk be determined in a newborn?
Wet diapers, stool, weight gain
When should solid foods be introduced into an infant’s diet?
4-6 months
Newborns are given an injection of this vitamin at birth.
Vitamin K
