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Boards Prep > Pharmacology of Antifungals > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

A patient is diagnosed with onychomycosis. What antifungal is indicated for treatment?

A

Terbinafine

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2
Q

What ADRs are associated with Voriconazole?

A

Vision disturbances, hallucinations, phototoxicity, squamous cell carcinoma

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3
Q

What antifungal targets microtubules to inhibit mitosis?

A

Griseofulvin - also binds to keratin to prevent new infections

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4
Q

What ADR is associated with Fluconzole?

A

QT prolongation

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5
Q

What are the clinical indications for Grisefulvin?

A

Tinea capitis

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6
Q

What are the PK of Grisefulvin?

A

PO administration, metabolized by the liver

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7
Q

What is the MOA of Terbinaafine?

A

Inhibits the squalene epoxidase, which is toxic to fungi.

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8
Q

What is the primary administration for Ketoconazole?

A

Topical use for tinea infections and dermatophytosis

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9
Q

What are the indications for Itraconazole?

A

Dimorphic fungi, histoplasmosis, resistant fungi

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10
Q

What are the indications for Posaconazole?

A

mucormycosis, esophageal candidiasis with resistance to other azoles, prophylaxis for invasive fungi

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11
Q

What are the common Polyenes?

A

Nystatin, Amphotericin B

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12
Q

Terbinafine is generally prescribed PO, but can be used as a topical cream to treat what diseases?

A

Tinea corporis, tinea pedis

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13
Q

Myelosuppression and sterility are associated with what antifungal?

A

Flucytosine

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14
Q

What adverse reaction is associated with Nystatin?

A

GI Disturbance

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15
Q

What antifungal drug classes target ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane?

A

Allylamines, Polyenes, Azoles

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16
Q

What ADRs are associated with Grisefulvin?

A

Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol use

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17
Q

Fluconazole is known to interact with what drug?

A

Warfarin - causes increased bioavailability

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18
Q

A patient is diagnosed with refractory aspergillosis. What antifungal is indicated for treatment?

A

Capsofungin

19
Q

What is the preferred therapy for candidia albicans?

A

Fluconazole

20
Q

How is Amphotericin B excreted?

A

By the kidneys in urine

21
Q

What is the MOA for Echinocandins?

A

Inhibits the glucan synthase to disrupt the fungal cell wall

22
Q

What ADR is associated with Micafungin?

A

Histamine release

23
Q

True/False. Nystatin via IV is indicated for the treatment of oral thrush.

A

False. Nystatin is the DOC for oral thrush, but should never be administered via IV. It is too toxic

24
Q

What is the MOA of Flucytosine?

A

A thymine analog that is integrated into fungal DNA and inhibits synthesis

25
Q

What antifungals belong to the Echinocandin class?

A

Capsofungin, Micafungin, Anidulafungin

26
Q

What antifungal is used as a stepdown from Amphotericin B treatment?

A

Posaconazole

27
Q

What is the MOA of Azoles?

A

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by blocking demethylation

28
Q

Azoles are known to interact with what drugs?

A

Human liver enzymes

29
Q

What is Naftifine?

A

A triple-action topical cream that is anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory

30
Q

When is Voriconazole indicated?

A

Fluconazole-resistant species, yeast, mold

31
Q

When is Flucytosine indicated?

A

Serious fungal infections in combination with Amphotericin B

32
Q

Nystatin is the drug of choice to treat what pathologies?

A

Oral thursh & diaper rash

33
Q

What ADRs are associated with Amphotericin B?

A

Nephrotoxicity, anemia, infusion reactions

34
Q

What drugs should not be combined with Itraconazole?

A

Statins

35
Q

All Azoles are metabolized by the liver with one exception. What is the exception?

A

Fluconazole - metabolized by the kidneys and excreted in urine

36
Q

What antifungal is used to treat critically ill neutropenic patients?

A

Micafungin

37
Q

When is Amphotericin B indicated?

A

Serious life-threatening systemic fungal infections

38
Q

What ADRs are associated with Ketoconazole?

A

Hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation

39
Q

What is the MOA of Nystatin & Amphotericin B?

A

Forms micropores by binding to ergosterol that leads to cell lysis and death

40
Q

How is Flucytosine excreted?

A

By kidney in urine

41
Q

What antifungal is used as a prophalyxis for immunocompromised patients?

A

Fluconazole

42
Q

What ADR is associated with Itraconazole?

A

Nausea

43
Q

What ADRs are associated with Isavuconazole?

A

Constipation, hyperkalemia

44
Q

What antifungals are most commonly used for superficial mycoses, such as athlete’s foot?

A

Miconazole & Clotrimazole

Boards Prep (116 decks)

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