Cerebral Pathways & Disorders Flashcards
Paying no attention to one side of the body is termed…?
Hemispatial neglect
Vision, perception, and memory are associated with what brain hemisphere?
Generally, right hemisphere
Language and language-dependent memory are associated with what brain hemisphere?
Left hemisphere for most people
True/False. An acute MCA stroke involving a hemisphere may demonstrate hemispheric neglect of the contralateral side.
True. But this is usually transient and resolves in 2-3 weeks
Expressive aphasia is due to damage to what area of the brain?
Broca’s region in the inferior frontal gyrus. The person can comprehend and interpret language, but cannot produce speech
Damage to Wernicke’s region in the superior temporal gyrus causes what disorder?
Receptive aphasia - the person can produce language, but has difficulty finding the right words
Extensive damage to the brain that causes loss of language comprehension and expression is termed?
Global aphasia
What is it called when a patient can comprehend and produce speech, but cannot use the correct names for people, objects, etc.?
Anomic or amnesia aphasia
The arcuate fasciculus connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. Damage here causes what disorder?
Conduction aphasia - the inability to repeat words or phrases
What structure allows the nondominant hemisphere to participate in language?
Corpus callosum
What symptoms are associated with an upper motor neuron deficit?
Spastic weakness, no muscle atrophy, hyperreflexia, babinski’s sign
What symptoms are associated with a lower motor neuron deficit?
Flaccid weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, hyporeflexia, absent babinski’s reflex
Weakness and aphasia are most associated with a (cortical/subcortical) lesion.
Cortical lesion
Motor functioning for the legs are spared in this type of brain lesion.
Cortical lesion
What vision deficits are present with a cortical lesion?
None, unless the occipital lobe is directly involved. Subcortical lesions include visual deficits
Numbness is most associated with (cortical/subcortical) lesions.
Subcortical - with cortical lesions, patients maintain sensory and pain/temp function but have impaired higher processing
Gerstmann’s syndrome is due to a lesion where in the brain?
Angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobe of the dominant hemisphere
What four specific neurological deficits are associated with Gerstmann’s syndrome?
Inability to write, loss of ability to do math, inability to identify one’s fingers, inability to differentiate between right and left side of the body
Bilateral superior homonymous quadrantanopia is due to damage to what eye structure?
Meyer’s loop located in the deep temporal region
Damage to the deep parietal lobe may result in what vision deficit?
Bilateral inferior homonymous quadrantanopia
The presence of new dysconjugate gaze or binocular diplopia may indicate a problem where in the brain?
Posterior fossa (brainstem or cerebellum)
True/False. Binocular diplopia is caused by dysconjugate gaze and resolves by covering one eye.
True - the posterior fossa (brainstem or cerebellum) should be checked for a possible lesion
Weakness and diplopia may indicate a lesion where in the brainstem?
Midbrain
Weakness, swallowing difficulty, and absent gag reflex may indicate a lesion where in the brainstem?
Medulla
Weakness and numbness of the face may indicate a lesion where in the brainstem?
Pons
What is ataxic dysarthria?
Normal language content and comprehension, but tone goes up and down when talking
Hyperextension of the cervical spine is most associated with what spinal syndrome?
Central spinal syndrome
