Pharmacology Flashcards
signal transduction
chemical signal producing the right cellular response. depends on having a range of different receptors
intracellular receptors
found in the cytosol or in the nucleus. lipid soluble signalling molecules that can cross the cell membrane bind to these
cell surface receptors
for hydrophilic signalling molecules. channels (ionotropic receptors), G protein coupled receptors, receptor enzymes, integrin receptors
G protein coupled receptors
biggest class of cell surface receptors, different G proteins couple to different 2nd messenger systems. some couple to ion channels directly. may couple to adenylyl cyclase.
sources of calcium in a cell
controlling activity of voltage and ligand gated calcium channels, from internal stores via IP3, inhibition of calcium transport out of the cell
effects of calcium
directly affects target protein, binds to calmodulin which then activates target protein, works via some other calcium binding protein eg troponin
pharmacology is
study of the way living systems are affected by chemical agents
drugs are
any chemical agent that affects a biological system
as concentration of drug increases, the response
increases until a point where it levels off
EC50
amount of drug that will get half of response
affinity in drugs is
strength of chemical attraction between drugs and receptors
low EC50 means
high affinity
efficacy in drugs is
whether or not the drug activates the receptor
partial agonist
high affinity but low efficacy
antagonists do what
block normal action of receptor. this can block physiological response if the concentration of antagonist is higher than endogenous agonist
