Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

what is ANS

Answer 1

exists to control things you don’t want to think about eg glands, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle in things like airways, blood vessels, eye, bladder

Question 2

ganglion

Answer 2

synaptic relay stations between neurone in autonomic nervous system . sympathetic lie closer to the spinal cord

Question 3

what type of receptors work in autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

metabotropic receptors, use of G proteins

Question 4

difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

autonomic nervous system has less specialised junction and can excite or inhibit target while somatic always excites

Question 5

where is the sympathetic outflow from

Answer 5

thoracic and lumbar regions

Question 6

where is the parasympathetic outflow from

Answer 6

cranial and sacral regions

Question 7

autonomic neurotransmitters and what they act on

Answer 7

acetylcholine and noradrenaline. parasympathetic uses only acetylcholine and acts on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. sympathetic postganglionic release noradrenaline and act on alpha or beta adregenic receptors

Question 8

what do sympathetic postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla release

Answer 8

adrenaline and noradrenaline (80%adrenaline) into the blood which acts on alpha and beta receptors

Question 9

the eye

Answer 9

sympathetic- alpha 1 receptors make radial muscle contract, pupil larger, beta receptors make ciliary muscle relax and eye focuses far away. parasympathetic- muscarinic receptors contracts spinster muscle and pupil smaller, ciliay muscle contracts and eye focuses close up

Question 10

the heart

Answer 10

sympathetic- beta 1 receptors activated on pacemaker cells and myocytes so increase heart rate and strength of contraction. parasympathetic- activates muscarinic receptors on pacemaker cells so decrease heart rate, little effect on myocytes and strength of contraction

Question 11

the lungs

Answer 11

sympathetic- beta 2 receptors makes smooth muscle of airways relax and dilates, parasympathetic- muscarinic receptors make smooth muscle contract and constrict

Question 12

blood vessels

Answer 12

alpha 1 receptors make smooth muscle contract and blood flow decreases, beta 2 relaxes smooth muscle and blood flow increases. parasympathetic no effect

Question 13

two homers

Answer 13

fight or flight, rest and digest

Question 14

what tissues are dual inverted

Answer 14

reproductive tissues- complementary, salivary glands- antagonistic