Absorption of drugs

Question 1

pharmaceutical process

Answer 1

get drug into patient

Question 2

pharmacokinetic process

Answer 2

get drug to site of action

Question 3

pharmacodynamic process

Answer 3

produce the correct pharamcological effect

Question 4

therapeutic process

Answer 4

produce the correct therapeutic effect

Question 5

what route does not involve absorption

Answer 5

intravenous

Question 6

Tmax

Answer 6

time to peak concentration

Question 7

Cmax

Answer 7

peak concentration

Question 8

AUC

Answer 8

area under drug concentration time curve. amount of drug that is absorbed - bioavailability

Question 9

increasing the dose affects what

Answer 9

Cmax but not Tmax as only the rate of absorption changing would increase Tmax

Question 10

what can affect the Tmax and Cmax

Answer 10

route administration

Question 11

therapeutic index

Answer 11

measure of the range over which a drug is safe and active

Question 12

factors affecting oral absorption bioavailability

Answer 12

formulation, ability of drug to pass physiological barriers, gastrointestinal effects eg gut motility, food, illness, first pass metabolism

Question 13

how do drugs pass across membranes

Answer 13

passive diffusion- ionised drugs don’t pass, must be lipid soluble,} filtration, active transport

Question 14

gastrointestinal factors that affect absorption

Answer 14

illness, food and drink, drugs

Question 15

first pass metabolism

Answer 15

metabolism of drugs prior to reaching systemic circulation as there can be a limit on an oral route for some drugs due to acid in gut lumen, enzymes in gut wall or liver. avoid using other routes