Blood Flashcards
Functions of blood (6)
Carriage of physiologically active compounds, clotting, defence, carriage of gas, thermoregulation, maintenance of ECF pH
Plasma proteins
Albumin, globulin (a,B,y) and fibrinogen
What does colloid oncotic pressure do
Favours movement of water into capillary
What does capillary hydrostatic pressure do
Favours movement of water out of capillary
What is the result of colloid oncotic pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure taking place at the same time
The concentration of fluid remains unchanged but the volume of plasma and interstitial fluid alters
What is Hypoproteinaemia and causes
Abnormally low levels of circulating plasma proteins
Causes- prolonged starvation, liver disease, kidney disease, intestinal diseases
Other name for RBC
Erythrocyte
Names of white blood cells
Neutrophils (68%), monocytes (5%), basophils (<1%) eosinophils (~1%), lymphocytes(25%)
Myeloid cells
Neutrophil, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, platelets, erythrocytes
What type of cell is a lymphocyte
Lymphoid
Life span of a blood cell
120 day lifespan
Describe a RBC
Most abundant, flexible, biconcave, non nucleated, diameters 7-8micro metres. Haemoglobin (protein). Bright red when arterial (oxyhaemoglobin) and deep red when venous (deoxyhaemoglobin)
Erythropoisis is what and is controlled and accelerated by hormone called
Red blood cell formation occurs in bone marrow
Erythropoietin
What is the average circulating blood volume of a healthy male?
5 litres- 1L in lungs, 3L in systemic venous circulation, 1L in heart and arterial circulation
Composition of plasma
Water, proteins, glucose, sodium
Lifespan of platelets
9 to 12 days
Other name for WBC
leukocytes
Neutrophils eosinophils and basophils are all types of
Granuloyctes
Monocytes and lymphocytes are types of
Agranuloyctes
What is white blood cell formation called
Leukopoisesis
What is leukopoiesis controlled by
Cytokines (proteins/ peptides released from one cell type which act on another). Colony stimulating factors, interleukins
How is cytokine cocktail dynamic
Changed its composition in response to infection to influence which white blood cell will be preferentially stimulated to form
How to differentiate between infection types
Differential white cell count
Describe platelets
Membrane bound, rarely nucleated, formation governed by thrombopoietin, adhere to damaged vessel walls and expose connective tissue to mediate blood clotting
why is plasma yellow
presence of bilirubin
what is a haematocrit
volume percentage of red blood cells in blood. should be between 40 and 50 %
what organ removes red blood cells from the circulation and breaks them down into component parts after 120 days
spleen
viscosity
how thick/ sticky blood is compared to water
what is the viscosity of plasma and blood
1.8 and 3-4
viscosity depends on
haematocrit, temperature, flow rate
