Blood

Question 1

Functions of blood (6)

Answer 1

Carriage of physiologically active compounds, clotting, defence, carriage of gas, thermoregulation, maintenance of ECF pH

Question 2

Plasma proteins

Answer 2

Albumin, globulin (a,B,y) and fibrinogen

Question 3

What does colloid oncotic pressure do

Answer 3

Favours movement of water into capillary

Question 4

What does capillary hydrostatic pressure do

Answer 4

Favours movement of water out of capillary

Question 5

What is the result of colloid oncotic pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure taking place at the same time

Answer 5

The concentration of fluid remains unchanged but the volume of plasma and interstitial fluid alters

Question 6

What is Hypoproteinaemia and causes

Answer 6

Abnormally low levels of circulating plasma proteins

Causes- prolonged starvation, liver disease, kidney disease, intestinal diseases

Question 7

Other name for RBC

Answer 7

Erythrocyte

Question 8

Names of white blood cells

Answer 8

Neutrophils (68%), monocytes (5%), basophils (<1%) eosinophils (~1%), lymphocytes(25%)

Question 9

Myeloid cells

Answer 9

Neutrophil, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, platelets, erythrocytes

Question 10

What type of cell is a lymphocyte

Answer 10

Lymphoid

Question 11

Life span of a blood cell

Answer 11

120 day lifespan

Question 12

Describe a RBC

Answer 12

Most abundant, flexible, biconcave, non nucleated, diameters 7-8micro metres. Haemoglobin (protein). Bright red when arterial (oxyhaemoglobin) and deep red when venous (deoxyhaemoglobin)

Question 13

Erythropoisis is what and is controlled and accelerated by hormone called

Answer 13

Red blood cell formation occurs in bone marrow

Erythropoietin

Question 14

What is the average circulating blood volume of a healthy male?

Answer 14

5 litres- 1L in lungs, 3L in systemic venous circulation, 1L in heart and arterial circulation

Question 15

Composition of plasma

Answer 15

Water, proteins, glucose, sodium

Question 16

Lifespan of platelets

Answer 16

9 to 12 days

Question 17

Other name for WBC

Answer 17

leukocytes

Question 18

Neutrophils eosinophils and basophils are all types of

Answer 18

Granuloyctes

Question 19

Monocytes and lymphocytes are types of

Answer 19

Agranuloyctes

Question 20

What is white blood cell formation called

Answer 20

Leukopoisesis

Question 21

What is leukopoiesis controlled by

Answer 21

Cytokines (proteins/ peptides released from one cell type which act on another). Colony stimulating factors, interleukins

Question 22

How is cytokine cocktail dynamic

Answer 22

Changed its composition in response to infection to influence which white blood cell will be preferentially stimulated to form

Question 23

How to differentiate between infection types

Answer 23

Differential white cell count

Question 24

Describe platelets

Answer 24

Membrane bound, rarely nucleated, formation governed by thrombopoietin, adhere to damaged vessel walls and expose connective tissue to mediate blood clotting

Question 25

why is plasma yellow

Answer 25

presence of bilirubin

Question 26

what is a haematocrit

Answer 26

volume percentage of red blood cells in blood. should be between 40 and 50 %

Question 27

what organ removes red blood cells from the circulation and breaks them down into component parts after 120 days

Answer 27

spleen

Question 28

viscosity

Answer 28

how thick/ sticky blood is compared to water

Question 29

what is the viscosity of plasma and blood

Answer 29

1.8 and 3-4

Question 30

viscosity depends on

Answer 30

haematocrit, temperature, flow rate