Chromosomes

Question 1

What is the basic structure of chromosomes.

Answer 1

two linear chromatids (telomeres at ends and with centromere in centre) made up of heterochromatin and euchromatin

Question 2

ways of laboratory diagnosis of genetic disease due to abnormalities in
chromosome number

Answer 2

fluorescent in situ hybridisation,

Question 3

how are chromosomes packaged

Answer 3

packaged into nucleosomes by wrapping around histones to form chromatin. they are then further wrapped into solenoid structure then loops and turns into chromosome

Question 4

euchromatin

Answer 4

parts of chromosome that is transcriptionally active and easily expressed (open structure)

Question 5

what happens at centromere

Answer 5

site of kinetochore and contains repetitive DNA sequences

Question 6

histone proteins are ____ charged

Answer 6

positively. they neutralise the negatively charged DNA

Question 7

karyotype

Answer 7

chromosome pairs counted and laid out

Question 8

gametogenesis types

Answer 8

oogenesis and spermatogenesis (sperms go through more stages than eggs do so more chance of mutation)