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Foundations Of Medicine > Antimicrobial chemotherapy > Flashcards

Antimicrobial chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

bactericidal

A

antimicrobial that kills bacteria

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2
Q

bacteriostatic

A

antimicrobial that inhibits growth of bacteria

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3
Q

MBC

A

minimal bactericidal concentration- minimum concentration of antimicrobial needed to kill a given organism

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4
Q

MIC

A

minimal inhibitory concentration- minimum concentration of antimicrobial needed to inhibit a given organism

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5
Q

routes of administration

A

topical, systemic, parenteral

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6
Q

mechanism of action of antibiotics (3)

A

inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

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7
Q

antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis and how

A

penicillin, cephalosporins, glycopeptides.

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8
Q

examples of glycopeptides

A

vancomycin

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9
Q

aminoglycosides work how

A

useful in treatment of gram negative, prevent mRNA code to be read properly so protein is translated wrong. bactericidal

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10
Q

example of aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin

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11
Q

oxazolidinones are and example

A

bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on bacteria being treated. inhibit protein synthesis. work on gram positive infections. linezolid (anti MRSA)

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12
Q

adverse reactions due to antimicrobials are dependent on

A

dose and duration of therapy

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13
Q

types of adverse reactions due to antibiotics (10)

A

allergic reaction, immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (immune complex or cell mediated mechanism), gastrointestinal side effects, thrush, liver toxicity, renal toxicity, neurological toxicity, optic neuropathy, haematological toxicity,

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14
Q

what to remember when prescribing antibiotics

A

reduce 4 Cs- cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, co-amoxiclav

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15
Q

adverse reactions should be reported to

A

committee on safety of medicine

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16
Q

mutagenic antimicrobials

A

induce mutation in foetal chromosomes

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17
Q

teratogenic antimicrobials

A

associated with congenital abnormalities or both

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18
Q

prophylaxis

A

administration of antibiotics in order to prevent the future occurrence of infection. for example before an abdominal operation

19
Q

empirical antimicrobial therapy

A

the use of antibiotics to treat a suspected bacterial infection despite lack of a specific bacterial diagnosis when needed. can be monotherapy or combination

20
Q

outcomes of combination therapy can be

A

antagonistic, additive, synergistic

21
Q

common combination of drugs

A

penicillin and gentamicin

22
Q

low therapeutic index

A

difference between a therapeutic and a toxic dose is small eg vencomycin and gentamicin

23
Q

susceptibility testing

A

E test for MIC- cut offs decide whether sensitive or resistant

24
Q

anti fungal drugs (4)

A

polyenes, azoles , allylamines, echinocandins

25
Q

all anti viral drugs are

A

virustatic

26
Q

types of beta lactams

A

penicillins and cephalosporins

27
Q

what do beta lactamases do

A

enzymes that provide resistance to beta lactic antibiotics. MRSA contains

28
Q

types of penicillins

A

co-amoxiclav, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin

29
Q

what do co amoxiclavs work on

A

coliforms

30
Q

what do amoxicillins work on

A

gram negative organisms

31
Q

what do flucloxacillins work on

A

staphylococcal infections

32
Q

types of macrolides and what they work on

A

clarithromycin, erythromycin - gram positive organisms

33
Q

example of quinolone and what they do

A

ciprofloxacin - active against nearly all gram negative

34
Q

what is clindamycin

A

miscellaneous antibiotic. active against gram positive and anaerobes

35
Q

when is genotypic analysis used

A

working out best antiviral to use

36
Q

examples of polyenes

A

amphotericin B, nystatin

37
Q

examples of azoles

A

fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole

38
Q

examples of allylamines

A

terbafine is only one in common use (dermatophyte infections)

39
Q

examples of echinocandins

A

caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin

40
Q

anti herpes virus drugs include what suffix

A

clovir

41
Q

anti HIV drugs

A

combination of more than 3. zidovudine, saquinavir, nevirapine

42
Q

drugs for chronic hep B and C

A

interferon-a, ribavirin (C), laminidine (B)

43
Q

drugs for viral respiratory infections

A

zanamivir, ostamivir, ribavirin, remdesivir

Foundations Of Medicine (50 decks)

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