Energy Flashcards
1st law of energy changes
Energy can be converted from one form to another but the total energy of the universe remains constant (it cannot be destroyed)
2nd law of energy change
All energy transformations ultimately lead to more disorder in the universe
Entropy
Gauge of randomness or chaos within a closed system
As usable energy decreases and a unusable energy increases, the entripy ____
increases
How do cells follow the 2nd law
Chemical reactions produce heat which is discharged into the surrounding environment and disorders it, increasing the entropy
Gibbs free energy equation
G= H- TS
Enthalpy
Heat energy released
Free energy in a closed system can be defined by what 3 quantities
Enthalpy entropy and absolute temperature
What is Gibbs free energy used for
To define the spontaneity of a reaction
Spontaneous reactions occur when
If a system gives up energy or becomes more random and increases in entropy
Think of messy room and how much energy it takes to tidy it and how much energy is given up to make it messy
A spontaneous process must ____ enthalpy and or _____ entropy
Decrease,increase
Spontaneous energy changes will have a positive/ negative value for their change in free energy
Negative
Cells use what process to carry out thermodynamically unfavourable reactions/ reactions that have a positive free energy change
Energy coupling
Why do reactions not reach equilibrium in biology
Energy passes from the environment to the organism and back to the environment using pathways if reactions
What is dynamic steady state
When the rate of a and b processes between products are equal
Metabolism definition
The chemical processes in a living organism by which food is used for tissue growth
What processes does free energy flow through
Catabolic and anabolic
What are intermediary metabolites
Components that are in several pathways eg ATP
Exergonic
Decrease in free energy
Endergonic
Increase in free energy
What type of reaction is ATP to ADP
Catabolic exergonic
What makes a reaction unfavourable
Not easy, requires energy, harder to do
What reaction is PEP an intermediate for
Glucose to pyruvate
Phosphoryl transfer occurs where
ADP to ATP
What provides energy in redox reactions
Electron flow
Electron motive force is
The fact that electrons can accomplish work as they pass through chemical intermediates
What do electron carrier molecules do
Transfer energy and facilitate biosynthesis reactions and fuel oxidation
