Pathoma: Pulmonary Hypertension and ARDS Flashcards
Atherosclerosis of the __________ can result from pulmonary hypertension.
trunk of the pulmonary artery
The pulmonary arteries can get ________ in pulmonary fibrosis.
intimal fibrosis and smooth-muscle hypertrophy
What are plexiform lesions?
“Tufts” of capillaries that grow near each other
_________ is a common presenting symptom of pulmonary hypertension.
Exertional dyspnea
What is the most common genetic defect that causes idiopathic pulmonary hypertension?
Inactivation of BMPR2, which leads to proliferation of smooth muscle
Secondary PHTN results from three things: ___________.
hypoxemia (which leads to global vasoconstriciton), chronic pulmonary emboli, and volume overload
What is the histologic hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome?
The formation of hyaline membranes, which result from protein leaking into the alveoli
What are two possible effects of hyaline membranes?
(1) collapse of the alveoli and (2) increased diffusion distance, resulting in hypoxemia
What is PEEP and why do you give it to ARDS patients?
It is positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation, and it is given to ARDS patients to keep their lungs from collapsing.
Adequate levels of surfactant usually occurs at ___________.
34 weeks’ gestation
The main component of surfactant is __________.
phosphatidylcholine
