Pathoma: Acute Leukemias Flashcards

1
Q

Patients with acute leukemias typically present with decreases in _________.

A

other hematopoietic cells, leading to thrombocytopenia, anemia, lymphopenia, or granulocytopenia

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2
Q

Tdt is a _________.

A

DNA polymerase that is present only in lymphoblasts

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3
Q

The defining enzyme of AML is _________.

A

myeloperoxidase (which sometimes crystalizes as an Auer rod), with the important exception of monocytic leukemias and megakaryocytic leukemias.

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4
Q

What are the classic markers of B-ALL?

A

CD10, CD19, and CD20

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5
Q

B-ALL has a good prognosis, but they require _______.

A

prophylactic chemo to the scrotum and brain

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6
Q

The most common chromosomal abnormality of B-ALL is _______.

A

t(9;21)

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7
Q

T-ALL is indicated by _______.

A

surface markers CD2 - CD8 (all of the numbers in between, too); thymic mass; teenagers

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8
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of APML.

A

The retinoic acid receptor is disrupted, which prevents the cells maturing. All-trans retinoic acid induces cell maturation.

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9
Q

In APML, Auer rods increase the risk of _____.

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

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10
Q

Those with Down syndrome are at increased risk of _____ before age five and _____ after age five.

A

acute megakaryoblastic leukemia; B-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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