Pathoma: Nephrolithiasis, UTIs, and Chronic Renal Disease

Question 1

Cystitis will present with ___________.

Answer 1

Dysuria (pain with urination)

Increased frequency of urination

Question 2

Sexual intercouse, catheters, and urinary stasis are risk factors for __________.

Answer 2

cystitis

Question 3

People usually don’t have systemic signs with which type of UTI?

Answer 3

Cystitis

Question 4

Most UTIs are caused by __________.

Answer 4

E. coli

Question 5

The gold standard for UTI diagnosis is ___________.

Answer 5

urine culture

Question 6

Pyuria with a negative urine culture should raise suspicion for ___________.

Answer 6

urethritis from chlamydia or gonorrhoeae

Question 7

WBC casts indicate ___________.

Answer 7

pyelonephritis

Question 8

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) leads to a characteristic scarring pattern in the kidneys: _______________.

Answer 8

fibrosis of the upper and lower poles (from chronic pyelonephritis)

Question 9

What is a treatment for calcium nephrolithiasis?

Answer 9

Thiazides (which increase calcium absorption)

Question 10

Uric acid stones are radio-_________.

Answer 10

lucent (uric = unseen)

Question 11

What kind of mineral produces staghorn caliculi?

Answer 11

Ammonium magnesium phosphate

Question 12

EPO is produced by the __________ cells.

Answer 12

renal peritubular interstitial