Pathoma: Neoplasia

Question 1

Monoclonality can be determined by _______ testing.

Answer 1

G6PD, but only in females (because G6PD is X-linked and random inactivation leads to 1:1 ratio of G6PD isoforms in normal individuals)

Question 2

Neoplasia (both malignant and benign) is always _______-clonal.

Answer 2

mono (hence the G6PD test)

Question 3

Similar to G6PD testing, B-cell neoplasia can be determined by __________.

Answer 3

testing the kappa/lambda ratio; normally, B cells exist in a 3:1 (k:l) ratio, but in neoplasia, all B cells will be of one type

Question 4

What are the three things that cause lymphadenopathy?

Answer 4

Malignant cancer, primary cancer, and reactive hyperplasia (from infection)

Question 5

There are no benign __________.

Answer 5

lymphomas or leukemias, because they always spread

Question 6

The five-year survival of lung cancer is ________.

Answer 6

about 15%

Question 7

Cancer cells need to have about ____ divisions before clinical symptoms arise.

Answer 7

30

Question 8

Ductal carcinoma in situ will often ______, an effect that shows up on mamography.

Answer 8

calcify

Question 9

Benign prostatic hyperplasia involves the ______ of the prostate, while prostate cancer involves the _______ part of the prostate.

Answer 9

center; posterior