Pathoma: Cell Death

Question 1

Describe pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis.

Answer 1

Pyknosis = nuclear shrinkage; karyorrhexis = nuclear break; karyolysis = nuclear dissolution

Question 2

________ necrosis is characterized by tissue architecture remaining, but nuclei disappearing.

Answer 2

Coagulative (as in myocardial infarction)

Question 3

What are the two major characteristics of tissues likely to have red infarctions?

Answer 3

Loose tissue and multiple blood supplies

Question 4

Liquefactive necrosis is characterized by ________.

Answer 4

enzyme lysis of the cells (as in brain infarction, abscesses, and pancreatitis)

Question 5

Saponification and calcium deposition is found in ________.

Answer 5

fat necrosis

Question 6

What two tissues are commonly associated with fat necrosis?

Answer 6

Breast pancreas

Question 7

Fibrinoid necrosis is _________.

Answer 7

necrotic damage to blood vessel walls (as in malignant hypertension and vasculitis)

Question 8

List three examples of normal apoptosis.

Answer 8

CD8 cells killing others, endometrium shedding during the menstrual cycle, and elimination of webbing between digits during embryogenesis

Question 9

Following caspase activation, what two enzymes are activated?

Answer 9

Proteases (to ingest cytoskeleton) and endonucleases (to ingest DNA)

Question 10

What is the role of Bcl2 in the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 10

Bcl2 guards the outside of the mitochondrial membrane, preventing cytochrome C from exiting. When the cell is excessively damaged, cytochrome C can escape and activate the intrinsic pathway.