Pathoma: Arteriosclerosis

Question 1

In atherosclerosis, the ________ becomes thick.

Answer 1

tunica intima

Question 2

The core of atherosclerotic plaques is __________.

Answer 2

a necrotic lipid core surrounded by a fibromuscular capsule

Question 3

The four modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis are ___________.

Answer 3

smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia

Question 4

The initial lesion in atherosclerosis is __________.

Answer 4

a fatty streak, which is lipid taken up by macrophages

Question 5

Stenosis of the medium-sized arteries, a frequent complication of atherosclerosis, can result in ___________; typically, symptoms only present at ________.

Answer 5

angina or ischemic bowel disease; >70% stenosis

Question 6

___________ can also result from atherosclerosis.

Answer 6

Plaque rupture with thrombosis

Question 7

Because the distance to the blood-vessel wall is increased, atherosclerosis also leads to _________.

Answer 7

aneurysm

Question 8

Arteriolosclerosis is divided into _____________.

Answer 8

hyaline and hyperplastic types

Question 9

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis results from ____________.

Answer 9

benign hypertension, which pushes protein into the walls of the arterioles, and diabetes, which results in glycosylation of endothelial basement membrane that induces permeability and subsequent protein entry

Question 10

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis leads to _____________.

Answer 10

glomerular scarring, called arteriolonephrosclerosis, which progresses to renal failure

Question 11

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is characterized by _____________.

Answer 11

too many layers of smooth muscle around arterioles

Question 12

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis results from ___________.

Answer 12

malignant hypertension

Question 13

Mönckeburg medial calcific sclerosis is ___________.

Answer 13

not clinically significant, because it doesn’t affect blood flow, but it can show up on X-rays