Pathology Nervous system

Question 1

Hydrocephalus

Answer 1

Abnormal accumulation in the brain CSF

Question 2

Congenital Hydrocephalus

Answer 2

excessive CSF in the brain at birth

Question 3

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Answer 3

a type of hydrocephalus occurs primarily in adults, CSF pressure is normal even tho ventricles are enlarged.

Question 4

Spina bifida

Answer 4

congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defects)

Question 5

Spina bifida CYSTICA with Meningocele

Answer 5

external protuding sac contains meninges and CFS

Question 6

Spina bifida OCCULTA

Answer 6

posterior vertebrae have not been formed

Question 7

Spina bifida Cystica with Myelomeningcele

Answer 7

external protuding sac contains meninges CFS and spinal cord

Question 8

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

Answer 8

brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration.

Question 9

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 9

degenerative disorder of motor skills in the spinal cord and brainstem.

Question 10

Epilepsy

Answer 10

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent siezure activity.

Question 11

huntington Disease

Answer 11

hereditary disordered marked by degerenative changes in the cerelnbrum, leading to abrupt

Question 12

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 12

destruction of the myelin sheath on neutrons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue.

Question 13

Demyelination

Answer 13

loss of myelin insulation

Question 14

Myasthenia Gravies

Answer 14

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles.

Question 15

Palsy

Answer 15

Paralysis (partial or Complete loss of motor function)

Question 16

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 16

Partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen(hypoxia) or blood flow to the cerebrum during pregnancy or in prenatal period.

Question 17

Bell Palsey

Answer 17

paralysis to one side of face, likey caused by a viral infection

Question 18

Parkinson disease

Answer 18

degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occuring in later life and leading tp tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.

Question 19

Tourette syndrome

Answer 19

Involuntary Spasmodic, twitching movement; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words.

Question 20

Herpes Zoster (shingles)

Answer 20

Viral Infection affecting peripheral nerves.

Question 21

Meningitis

Answer 21

inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis.

Question 22

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) encephalopathy

Answer 22

brain disease and dementia occuring with AIDS

Question 23

brain tumor

Answer 23

abnoraml growth of the brain tissue and meninges.

Question 24

Types of brain tumours

Answer 24

Astrocytomas, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma.

Question 25

Cerebral Concussion

Answer 25

Type of tramatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head

Question 26

Cerebral Contusion

Answer 26

Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trama to the head

Question 27

cerebrovascular accident CVA

Answer 27

Disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain; stoke

Question 28

Types of CVA

Answer 28

Thrombotic, Hemorrhagic and Embolic

Question 29

Thrombotic Stroke

Answer 29

bloodclot in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion of the vessel.

Question 30

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 30

artery break and bleeds

Question 31

Embolic Strokes

Answer 31

caused by dislodged thrombi (emboli) that occlude artery

Question 32

Migraine

Answer 32

Severe, recurring, unilateral, Vascular headache

Question 33

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis

Answer 33

Samples of CSF are examined

Question 34

Cerebral angiography

Answer 34

X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material.

Question 35

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 35

Magnetic Field and impulse of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 36

Positron Emission Tomography scan (PET)

Answer 36

Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of the cells

Question 37

Doppler Ultrasound Studies

Answer 37

Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries.

Question 38

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 38

Recording of the electrical activity in the brain

Question 39

Lumbar Puncture (LP)

Answer 39

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis

Question 40

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)

Answer 40

Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain.