Pathology Nervous system Flashcards
Hydrocephalus
Abnormal accumulation in the brain CSF
Congenital Hydrocephalus
excessive CSF in the brain at birth
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
a type of hydrocephalus occurs primarily in adults, CSF pressure is normal even tho ventricles are enlarged.
Spina bifida
congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defects)
Spina bifida CYSTICA with Meningocele
external protuding sac contains meninges and CFS
Spina bifida OCCULTA
posterior vertebrae have not been formed
Spina bifida Cystica with Myelomeningcele
external protuding sac contains meninges CFS and spinal cord
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
degenerative disorder of motor skills in the spinal cord and brainstem.
Epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent siezure activity.
huntington Disease
hereditary disordered marked by degerenative changes in the cerelnbrum, leading to abrupt
Multiple sclerosis
destruction of the myelin sheath on neutrons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue.
Demyelination
loss of myelin insulation
Myasthenia Gravies
Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles.
Palsy
Paralysis (partial or Complete loss of motor function)
Cerebral Palsy
Partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen(hypoxia) or blood flow to the cerebrum during pregnancy or in prenatal period.
Bell Palsey
paralysis to one side of face, likey caused by a viral infection
Parkinson disease
degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occuring in later life and leading tp tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.
Tourette syndrome
Involuntary Spasmodic, twitching movement; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words.
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Viral Infection affecting peripheral nerves.
Meningitis
inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) encephalopathy
brain disease and dementia occuring with AIDS
brain tumor
abnoraml growth of the brain tissue and meninges.
Types of brain tumours
Astrocytomas, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma.
Cerebral Concussion
Type of tramatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head
Cerebral Contusion
Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trama to the head
cerebrovascular accident CVA
Disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain; stoke
Types of CVA
Thrombotic, Hemorrhagic and Embolic
Thrombotic Stroke
bloodclot in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion of the vessel.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
artery break and bleeds
Embolic Strokes
caused by dislodged thrombi (emboli) that occlude artery
Migraine
Severe, recurring, unilateral, Vascular headache
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis
Samples of CSF are examined
Cerebral angiography
X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Field and impulse of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord.
Positron Emission Tomography scan (PET)
Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of the cells
Doppler Ultrasound Studies
Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries.
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Recording of the electrical activity in the brain
Lumbar Puncture (LP)
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain.
