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MT, Anatomy & Physiology > Endocrine Vocab > Flashcards

Endocrine Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.

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2
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

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3
Q

Ovaries

A

Responsible for egg production and eastrogen and progesterone secreation

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4
Q

Pancreas

A

Located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells secret hormones from the pancreas. The pancreas also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete emzymes via duct into small intestine to aid digestion

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5
Q

parathyroid glands

A

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland . some people may have three or five parathyroid glands

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6
Q

Testes

A

Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of male; responsible for sperm production and testerone secretion

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7
Q

Pituitary glands

A

located at the base of the brain in sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

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8
Q

Thyroid gland

A

located in neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin

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9
Q

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

secretes by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure

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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimuates the adrenal cortex

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11
Q

Aldosterone

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption

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12
Q

Androgen

A

Male Hormone secreted by the testes and to the lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example

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13
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ADH (vasopressin) increased reabsorption of water by the kidney

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14
Q

Calcitonin

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

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15
Q

Cortisol

A

Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. it is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

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16
Q

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). It is part of the bodys flight of fight reaction

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17
Q

Estradiol

A

estrogen secreted from ovaries

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18
Q

Estrogen

A

female hormone secreted frokm the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Examples are estradiol and estrone

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19
Q

Follicle -stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. FSH stimulates hormone secretion and egg and sperm production

20
Q

Gulcagon

A

Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose

21
Q

Growth hormone (GH); somatotropin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue

21
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovualtion in females and testosterone secretion in males

22
Q

Insulin

A

Secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. isulin hepls glucose to pass into cells and it promotes the conversion of glusoces to glycogen

23
Q

Norepinephrine

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetric). Nor-in chemistry means a parent compound from which another is derived. Also called noradrenaline

24
Q

Oxytocin (OT)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth.

25
Q

parathromone (PTH)

A

Secreted by parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

26
Q

Progesterone

A

Secreted by ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

27
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

Secreted by anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

28
Q

Somatotropin

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone

29
Q

Testosterone

A

Male hormone secreted by the testes

30
Q

Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin

A

secreted by the antieror lobe of the pituitary gland. TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning
*** THS is not secreted by the thyroid gland

31
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraidothyronine. t4 increases metabolism in cells

32
Q

Trriodothryonine (T3)

A

secreted by thyroid gland;T3 increases metabolism in cells

33
Q

vasopressin

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Vasopressin increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

34
Q

Catecholamines

A

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adernal medulla. Epinephrine is catcholamine

35
Q

Electrolyte

A

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium and calcium and electrolytes

35
Q

Glucocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adernal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part

35
Q

Homeostasis

A

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

36
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structures or function of that organ or gland

37
Q

Hypothalamus

A

region of the brain laying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. it secrete releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary galnd

38
Q

Mineralocorticoid

A

steroid hormone ssecrete by the adernal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. ex . alderstone

39
Q

Receptor

A

Celluar or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

40
Q

Sella Turcica

A

cavity at the base of the skull; contains the pituitary gland

41
Q

Sex Hormones

A

steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adernal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

42
Q

Steroid

A

complex substance related to fats (Derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol) and which many hormones are made, ex. estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoids. Ster/o means solid, -ol means oil

43
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a sympathomimetic hormone it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways

44
Q

Target tissue

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

MT, Anatomy & Physiology (104 decks)

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