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mt, anatomy & physiology > Nervous system Vocab > Flashcards

Nervous system Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the end of the nerve cells.

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2
Q

Absence Seizure

A

Minor form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness

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3
Q

Aneurysm

A

Enlarged, weakend area in an aterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hermorrhage and CVA(stroke)

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4
Q

Astrocytoma

A

Malignant brain tumor of astrocytes (glial brain cells)

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5
Q

Afferent nerve

A

Carries Messages towards the brain and spinal cord (sensort nerve)
Af-derives from AD (towards)
-ferent -carrying

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6
Q

Arachnoid Membrane

A

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. The greek arachne means spider

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7
Q

Astrocyte

A

Type of glial (neuroglia) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries in the nervous systems.

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8
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.

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9
Q

Aura

A

Peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the on set (prodromal) of an attack of migrane or epileptic seizure.

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10
Q

Axon

A

Microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

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11
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

BBB- protective separation between the blood and brain cell. This makes it difficult for substances (such as anticancer drugs) to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain.

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12
Q

Brainstem

A

Posterior prtion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the midbrain, pons, and the medulla

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13
Q

Cauda equina

A

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.

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14
Q

Cell Body

A

Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus.

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15
Q

CNS - central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Cerebellum

A

Postierior part of the Brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintain balance.

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17
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of the nerve cells; gray matter of the brain.

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18
Q

Cerebrospinal Fuild (CSF)

A

Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.

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19
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, though and memory.

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20
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

Nerves carry messages to and from the brain to all part of head and neck and and also ( in the case of the vagus nerve) to other parts of the body. there are 12 pairs of the cranial Nerves

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21
Q

Dentrite

A

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell (neuron) that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse.

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22
Q

Dura Mater

A

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. Latin for “hard mother”

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23
Q

Dementia

A

mental decline and deterioration .

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24
Q

Demyelination

A

Destruction of myelin on axons of neurons (as in multiple sclerosis)

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25
Q

Dopamine

A

CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in patient with Parkinson’s disease.

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26
Q

Efferent Nerve

A

Carries message away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve.
ef - away from
-ferent - meaning to carry

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27
Q

Ependymal Cell

A

Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid.

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28
Q

Embolus

A

Clot of material that travels through the bloodstrem and suddenly blocks a vessel.

29
Q

Ganglion, Ganglia

A

collection of nerves cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

30
Q

Glial Cell (Neuroglia cell)

A

Supportive connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses.

Examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. Can reproduce themselves

31
Q

Gyrus

A

sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution.

32
Q

Gait

A

manner of walking

33
Q

hypothalamus

A

portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body tempurature, and secreations from pituitary gland.

34
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here.

35
Q

Meninges

A

Three protective Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

36
Q

Microglial cell

A

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system.

37
Q

Midbrain

A

Uppermost protion of the brainstem.

38
Q

Motor nerve

A

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve.

39
Q

Myelin sheath

A

covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons.

40
Q

Nerve

A

Microscopic cord-like collection of the fibers (axons) that carry electral impulses.

41
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell that is necessary for impulses to be carried throughout the nervous system; parenchyma of the nervous system

42
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. it stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland dopamine and serotonin.

43
Q

Oligodendroglial cell

A

glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons.
aka Oligodendrocyte

44
Q

Parasympathetic nerves

A

Involuntary autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

45
Q

Parenchyma

A

Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system, Parenchyma of the nervous system is neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses.

46
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves.

47
Q

Pia Meter

A

thin, delicate inner membrane if the meninges.

48
Q

Plexus

A

Large, Interlacing network of nerves. etc lumbosacral, cervical, brachial plexuses.

49
Q

Pons

A

Part of the brain anterior to the celebellum and between the medulla and rest of the midbrain. a bridge connecting various parts of brain.

50
Q

Receptor

A

Organ that receives and transmits a stimulus to sensory nerves. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors.

51
Q

Sciatic Nerves

A

Nerves extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. Sciatic in pain or inflammation along the course of the nerves.

52
Q

Sensory Nerves

A

Carries messages towards the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve.

53
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

Pairs of nerves, arising one of each side of the spinal column. they transmit messages to and from the spinal cord.

54
Q

Stimulus, stimuli

A

Agent of change in the internal or external emvironment that evokes a response. It may be light, sound, touch, pressure, or pain.

55
Q

Stroma

A

Connective and supportive tissue of an organ. Glial cells make up the stromal tissue of the Brain

56
Q

Sulcus, Sulci

A

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure.

57
Q

Sympathetic nerves

A

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress.

58
Q

Synapse

A

Space through which a nervous impluses travel between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or grandular cells

59
Q

Thalamus

A

main relay center of the brain.

60
Q

vagus nerve

A

tenth crainal nerve (cranial nerve x). it branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus

61
Q

Ventricles of the brain

A

canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. Ventricles are also found in the heart, they are the two lower chamber of heart

62
Q

ictal event

A

pertaining to a sudden, acute on set, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seisure.

63
Q

Occulsion

A

bloackage

64
Q

palliative

A

releaving symptons but not curing them

65
Q

Thymectomy

A

Removal of the thymus gland, used as treatment for myasthenia gravis.

66
Q

Thymus gland

A

a lymphocyte-producing gland in the chest

67
Q

TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attacks. TIAs can occur with all three types of strokes

68
Q

Tic

A

involuntary movement of a small group of muscles.

69
Q

Tonic-clonic Seizure

A

Major (gland Mal) convulsive seisure marked by sudden loss of consciousness; stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements.

mt, anatomy & physiology (54 decks)

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