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MT, Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous system Vocab > Flashcards

Nervous system Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the end of the nerve cells.

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2
Q

Absence Seizure

A

Minor form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness

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3
Q

Aneurysm

A

Enlarged, weakend area in an aterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hermorrhage and CVA(stroke)

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4
Q

Astrocytoma

A

Malignant brain tumor of astrocytes (glial brain cells)

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5
Q

Afferent nerve

A

Carries Messages towards the brain and spinal cord (sensort nerve)
Af-derives from AD (towards)
-ferent -carrying

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6
Q

Arachnoid Membrane

A

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. The greek arachne means spider

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7
Q

Astrocyte

A

Type of glial (neuroglia) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries in the nervous systems.

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8
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.

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9
Q

Aura

A

Peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the on set (prodromal) of an attack of migrane or epileptic seizure.

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10
Q

Axon

A

Microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

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11
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

BBB- protective separation between the blood and brain cell. This makes it difficult for substances (such as anticancer drugs) to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain.

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12
Q

Brainstem

A

Posterior prtion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the midbrain, pons, and the medulla

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13
Q

Cauda equina

A

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.

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14
Q

Cell Body

A

Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus.

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15
Q

CNS - central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Cerebellum

A

Postierior part of the Brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintain balance.

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17
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of the nerve cells; gray matter of the brain.

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18
Q

Cerebrospinal Fuild (CSF)

A

Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.

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19
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, though and memory.

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20
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

Nerves carry messages to and from the brain to all part of head and neck and and also ( in the case of the vagus nerve) to other parts of the body. there are 12 pairs of the cranial Nerves

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21
Q

Dentrite

A

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell (neuron) that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse.

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22
Q

Dura Mater

A

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. Latin for “hard mother”

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23
Q

Dementia

A

mental decline and deterioration .

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24
Q

Demyelination

A

Destruction of myelin on axons of neurons (as in multiple sclerosis)

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25
Dopamine
CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in patient with Parkinson's disease.
26
Efferent Nerve
Carries message away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve. ef - away from -ferent - meaning to carry
27
Ependymal Cell
Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid.
28
Embolus
Clot of material that travels through the bloodstrem and suddenly blocks a vessel.
29
Ganglion, Ganglia
collection of nerves cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
30
Glial Cell (Neuroglia cell)
Supportive connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses. Examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. Can reproduce themselves
31
Gyrus
sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution.
32
Gait
manner of walking
33
hypothalamus
portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body tempurature, and secreations from pituitary gland.
34
Medulla Oblongata
Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here.
35
Meninges
Three protective Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
36
Microglial cell
Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system.
37
Midbrain
Uppermost protion of the brainstem.
38
Motor nerve
Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve.
39
Myelin sheath
covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons.
40
Nerve
Microscopic cord-like collection of the fibers (axons) that carry electral impulses.
41
Neuron
Nerve cell that is necessary for impulses to be carried throughout the nervous system; parenchyma of the nervous system
42
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. it stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland dopamine and serotonin.
43
Oligodendroglial cell
glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. aka Oligodendrocyte
44
Parasympathetic nerves
Involuntary autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.
45
Parenchyma
Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system, Parenchyma of the nervous system is neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses.
46
peripheral nervous system
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves.
47
Pia Meter
thin, delicate inner membrane if the meninges.
48
Plexus
Large, Interlacing network of nerves. etc lumbosacral, cervical, brachial plexuses.
49
Pons
Part of the brain anterior to the celebellum and between the medulla and rest of the midbrain. a bridge connecting various parts of brain.
50
Receptor
Organ that receives and transmits a stimulus to sensory nerves. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors.
51
Sciatic Nerves
Nerves extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. Sciatic in pain or inflammation along the course of the nerves.
52
Sensory Nerves
Carries messages towards the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve.
53
Spinal Nerves
Pairs of nerves, arising one of each side of the spinal column. they transmit messages to and from the spinal cord.
54
Stimulus, stimuli
Agent of change in the internal or external emvironment that evokes a response. It may be light, sound, touch, pressure, or pain.
55
Stroma
Connective and supportive tissue of an organ. Glial cells make up the stromal tissue of the Brain
56
Sulcus, Sulci
Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure.
57
Sympathetic nerves
Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress.
58
Synapse
Space through which a nervous impluses travel between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or grandular cells
59
Thalamus
main relay center of the brain.
60
vagus nerve
tenth crainal nerve (cranial nerve x). it branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus
61
Ventricles of the brain
canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. Ventricles are also found in the heart, they are the two lower chamber of heart
62
ictal event
pertaining to a sudden, acute on set, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seisure.
63
Occulsion
bloackage
64
palliative
releaving symptons but not curing them
65
Thymectomy
Removal of the thymus gland, used as treatment for myasthenia gravis.
66
Thymus gland
a lymphocyte-producing gland in the chest
67
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attacks. TIAs can occur with all three types of strokes
68
Tic
involuntary movement of a small group of muscles.
69
Tonic-clonic Seizure
Major (gland Mal) convulsive seisure marked by sudden loss of consciousness; stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements.

MT, Anatomy & Physiology (104 decks)

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