Pathology Conditions Treatment Flashcards by Michelle Ban

Arrhtythmias

Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Dysrhythmias) - **Implantation of artificial cardiac pacemaker over comes Arrtythmias and keeps heart beatinf at proper rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bradycardia & heart block (atrioventricular)

a type of Arrythmias - Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RBBB
LBBB

Right Bundle Branch Block
Left Bundle Branch Block

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flutter

Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria, heart beat may reach 300 beats per minute. **Treatment such as medication, electrical cardioversion, catheter ablation.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Electrical Cardioversion

Electric Cardioversion uses a Machine and sensors to deliver low quick, low energy shocks to the chest.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Catheter Ablation

This procedure Guides a tube into heart to destroy small areas of tissue that may be causing your abnormal heartbeat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibrillation

Very Rapid, Random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per min)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Atrial Fibrillation

AF - is the most common type , Affectong 5-10% of 70-80yr olds electrical impluses are moved randomly throughtout the atria, causing atria to quiver instead of contracting in a coodinating rhythm.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Papitations

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heartbeats caused by Fibrillations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paroxysmal AF

Irregular heart beats occur periodically and episodically

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Permanent or Persistant AF

Irregular heartbeats continues indefinitely

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anticoaguluants

Blood thinner such as warfarin reduce the risk of stroke caused by AF -Atrial fibrillation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Watchman device

A new mechanical approach to prevent clots from leaving the heart, uses a catheter-based technique to place a plug-like device in the LAA( Left Atrial Appendage)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left Atrial Appendage closure (LAAC)

Blocks the LAA so that clots dont leave the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

VF - Ventrical Fibrillation

Electrical impulses move randomly throughout the ventricles - this is life threatening

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac Arrest

Sudden stopping of heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Defibrillation

Application of electric shock to heart with a Defibrilator, stops heart electricity for brief moment so normal rhythm can take over again

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Catheter Ablation

is a minimally invasive treatment to treat cardiac arrhythmias, the technique using radiofrequencyenergy or extreme cold(cryoablation) to detroy tissue causing arrythmias.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Congenital heart disease

Abnormalities in the heart at birth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Coarction of the aorta (CoA)

Narrowing (Coarction) of the aorta.
A type of Abnormalities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth.
** Treatment includes a drug (indomethacin) tp promote closure; surgery via catheterization (with coil embolization to plug the ductus); and Ligation(tying off) throught small incision between ribs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Septal Defects

Small holes in wall between the artia (atrial Sseptal defects) or the ventricular a septal defect.
**open heart surgery treatment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tetraology of Fallot (fat-LO)

Congentital Malformation involving four (tetra-) Distinct Heart defect
** treatment includes patch closure of the ventricles septal defect and removing obstruction to the outflow at the pulmonary artery.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the Four Tetraology of Fallot

Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Shift of the aorta to the right
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

Two Types of CHF

HFrEF - Heart Failure with reduce Ejection Fraction HFpEF - Heat failure with preserved Ejection Fraction

Pulmonary edema

Fuild accumulation in lungs and swelling **Pitting edema Apply preassure and indentation

LVAD - Left Ventricle Assist Device

is a booster pump implanted in the abdomen, with a cannula(tube) inserted into the left ventricle.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart.

Atherosclerosis

the deposition of fatty compounds on the inner lining of the coronary arteries , becomes roughened as the atherosclerotic plaque collects in the artery

Thrombotic Occlusion

Blocking of the coronary artery by a clot

Ischemia

decreased blood flow

Nercrosis

death

Myocardial Infraction

Heart attack, caused by decrease or complete cessation of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium.

Infarct

Death of myocardial tissue, is usually replaced by scar tissue.

Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs)

are conditions caused by myocaridal ischemia (decrease of blood)

Unstable Angina

A condition which the heart doesnt get enough blood flow or oxygen

Nitroglycerin

drug for Acute attacks of angina is given sublingually (under tongue)

Nitrates

a Vasodilator that increases coronary blood flow and lowers blood pressure

Beta Blockers

drug to reduce the force and speed of the heartbeat and lower blood pressure

ACE Inhibitors

drug to reduce high blood pressure and the risk of future heart attacks

Calcium Channel Blockers

drug to relax muscles in the blood vessels

Statins

drug to lower cholesterol levels

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

open heart surgery bypassing clogged arteries with Saphenous vein grafts (from large superficial vein in leg) or arterial grafts (from the breast arteries or radical artery)

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

catheterization eith balloons or stents to open clogged coronary arteries.

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Hypertensive Heart Disease

High blood pressure affecting the heart.

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)

Improper Closure of the mitral valve

Murmur

Extra heart sound, heard between normal deats

Pericarditis

imflamation of the membrane surrounding the heart

Pericardial Friction rub

a grating, to-and-fro sound produced by friction of the heart against the pericardium

Cardiac Tamponade

Compression of the heart caused by collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity - cure anti inflammatory drugs

Rheumatric Heart Disease

Heart Disease Caused by rheumatic fever

Mitral Stenosis

a form of valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the mitral valve orifice

Aneurysm

Local widening of an aterial wall, common in aorta, treatmetn depends on the vessel involved

AAA - Abmornal Aortic Aneurysm

is an enlarged area in the lower part of the body's main artery, called the aorta.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Blood clot forms in large vein usually in lower limb, may result in pulmonary embolism. (clot that travels to the lung)

Hypertension (HTN)

High blood pressure, secondary hypertension is high blood pressure that's caused by another medical condition

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Blockage Of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs any artery can be effected

Carotid

Neck artery

Femoral

Thigh artery

Popliteal

Back of knee artery

Intermitten Claudication

Absence of pain or discomfort in a leg at rest but pain and tension after walking has begun

Raynauds

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis (blueish) primarily in fingers and toes

Vericose veins

abnormally swollen and twisted veins Usually occuring in legs.

biventricular pacemaker

allows both (bi-) ventricles to beat together so that more blood is pumped out of the heart.