Parenteral Routes

Question 0

Define Intramuscular. (i.m.)

Humans?

Answer 0

The needle is injected into a muscle leaving a bolus and is absorbed thru muscles capillaries ~1 hour.
Humans: deltoid muscle of the upper arm or the gluteus maximus of the buttocks.

Question 1

Define Subcutaneous. (s.c.)
Humans?
Animals?

Answer 1

When an injection is done just under the skin (cutaneous tissue) forming a bolus.
Humans: under the skin of the arm or thigh! Rec users: wrist or hand.
Animals: loose skin on back btwn shoulders.

Question 2

Define Intraperitoneal (i.p.)

Answer 2

The needle is injected into the peritoneal cavity (sack containing visceral organs: intestines, liver, spleen- peritoneum).
Inserted via stomach muscle and injected into the cavity not organs!!!.

Question 3

Define Intravenous. (i.v.)

Answer 3

Needle is inserted into the vein and the drug is injected directly into the bs. (aka mainlining)
Uses a vein close enough to the skin surface for the needle to enter (humans: elbow).

Question 4

Why is a tourniquet used when administering i.v.?

Answer 4

It will dilate the vein at the injection site making the vein easy to find. (b/c it is btwn the site and heart)Tourniquet is removed after the needle is injected and the drug is administered after normal blood flow as returned.

Question 5

If a vein is used too many times what can happen?

Answer 5

It can collapse and stop carrying blood.

alt: wrists, hands and feet)

Question 6

Dangers of recreational drugs that contain insoluble contaminants?

Answer 6

Once in the bs they cause dmg to small blood vessels in organs like the eyes.

Question 7

How is i.v. administered to animals?

Answer 7

Via venous catheter. (one end inside the body and one outside, fairly permanent)