Chapter 7: Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Flashcards
IV injection is appropriate if you want _____ effects but can cause ________. If a long term effect is desired when diazepam is used ___ route works. Absorption from the digestive system is more __ than absorption from an intramuscular site because drugs tend to bind to protein and do so more readily at an _____ than in the ___.
-rapid, local irritation, oral, rapid, injection sites, digestive system
BARBs and BDZs are both ___ acids. BDZs have a pka of about - and are readily absorbed from ____ and ____ administration
weak, 3.5-5, digestive, parenteral
Reports that flunitrazepam can cause very rapid effects when the tablets are what?
turned into a powder and taken intranasally.
Range of lipid solubility in the BDZs and a resulting difference in the _______ of _______. Diazepam on of the fastest acting BDZs peaks in about __-___ minutes. (midazolam, temazepam, flunitrazepam and triazepam). Oxazepam is ____ acting an may take ____ hours to peak.
-speed, absorption, 30-60, slower, several
Absorption from the digestive system may be greatly increased by what??? After small amounts are digested the blood lvls of BDZ can be nearly ___.
- consumption of alcohol (small amounts)
- doubled
Z drugs are readily absorbed from the _________ and reach a peak in ~__. There is considerable _____ of zaleplon.
-digestive tract, an hour, first pass metabolism
Once in the blood BDZs and BARBs, distribution and duration of action are determined by lipid solubility. The ____ lipid soluble drugs pass through the blood brain barrier very ____ and their effects on the brain are seen quickly.
-highly, quickly
Fast acting drugs tend to have a short duration because ??
- highly lipid soluble substances become redistributed to areas of the body that contain fat…in these fat deposits they are released slowly into blood and metabolized by the liver
The redistribution of BDZs through the body fat creates a two phase excretion phase. During first phase there is a ___ drop in blood lvl as its being redistributed.This phase has a half life of ___ hours. In the second phase, the blood lvls drop more ___ because the drug remaining in the blood is being ____ and as it is its being replaced by the drug slowly being released from body fat. Half life in this phase is ___-___ hours.
-rapid, 10, slowly , metabolized 27-48
The duration of the effect of the benzodiazepines however is not always determined by their 1/2 lives because the metabolites of some of the older BDZs (diazepam, chlordiazepozide and flurazepam) are also ____. These metabolites have longer ______ and may have somewhat diff effects. Newer BDZs do not have these metabolites (oxazepam, triazolam, alphrazolam, clonazepam and lorazepam).
active, half lives
BDZs and BARBs cross the ____ barrier easily and they appear in the ____ of nursing moms.
placental , milk
Metabolites of BDZs can be slowed by?
consumption of alcohol…half life increases by 60% in chlordiazepozide via small drink……
Zaleplons have life ?
1 hour
