Basic pharmacology Flashcards
What are the three types of names a drug can have?
- Chemical Name
- Generic Name
- Trade Name
**4. Street name
What is a drug?
A substance consumed to get high or to treat a disorder.
Define Chemical Name
This would be the formal chemical jargon a chemist uses to identify what the molecule of the drug looks like.
Define Generic Name
When a drug becomes established it gains a shorter name. This new name contains conventions which are clues to the nature of the drug. (Stems) which are usually the last part of the drug.
Ex: fluOXETINE …oxetine= antidepressant
Define Trade Name
When a drug company discovers and patents a drug it sells it under a name unique to the company which no other drug company sells by after the patent is up.
Trade Name composition?
Excipients(other ingredients) + active ingredient = formulation
The trade name refers to the drugs formulation!
Define Street Name
Drugs sold on the street for recreational purposes have this name. The names vary via location but usually at least one is widely known.
What are dosages stated in?
Milligrams
What is more important when administrating a drug, concentration or amount given?
The concentration at which it reaches in the body is more important. You could give x amount to three people with varying body weights but the concentration it reaches in each person will be different Argo so will the effects of it.
Factors to consider when giving dosages?
Metabolic rate, body weight and body composition.
small organisms have a higher metabolic rate Argo need a higher dosage of a drug
Describe briefly what a dosage response curve is.
A graph with the x axis : dose, y-axis: effect. On it you want to have a dose so low there is no detectable effect, a dose so high that increasing it would show no effect and a dose inbetween. This will highlight the effect of a drug at a given dose. ( s-shaped)
Define ED50
Effective dose at which 50% of the pop are showing an effect from the drug.
Threshold
the dose producing the smallest measurable response.
LD50
The lethal dose required to kill half the pop. (TD50 is the same)
Do you want the ED to be lower or higher than the LD50?
You want it to be lower since that would mean you require a low dose to get the desired effect of the drug while staying away from lethal dosage areas.
What is the Therapeutic Index? (TI)
TI= LD/ED ….The higher the TI the safer the drug is! It shows the relationship of lethality and effectiveness.
Define Potency.
The difference between the ED of two drugs being compared.The dose required to get an effect. The lower the dose required, the more potent the drug.
Define Effectiveness.
differences in the max effect that a drug produces at a dosage lvl. When comparing two drugs given at the same dosage, the one with the higher effectiveness is the better of the two.
Define Primary Effect.
the effect desired when taking the drug.
Side effect.
any other effect the drug as aside from the primary.
Define Antagonism.
when one drug diminishes the effect of another.
How is antagonism viewed on a graph?
Two DRC’s are done.
1. drug alone
2. drug + another drug
If the DRC of the first one shifts to the right via adding another drug this indicates antagonism. (ED increases)
Define an additive effect.
If adding another drug to the main drug causes the DRC to shift to the left. (ED decreases)
Define Super additive effect/potentiation.
When drugs have an effect much greater than anticipated if their separate effects were simply just combined.
Define Hypersensitivity.
a response to a drug dose so low that it would have no effect on an average individual.
Define Hyperreactivity.
A reaction to a normal dose of the drug as though it was a large dose.
