Chapter 7: Anxioltyics and Sedative-Hypnotics

Question 0

Generalized Anxiety Disorder
brain areas?
Gen description?

Answer 0

excessive and relentless worry whereby an individual feels irritable, keyed up or on edge, tense , easily fatigued and has trouble concentrating attention on daily tasks.

• vague sources of anxiety
• Brain areas: amygdala hyperactivity and low activity of ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Question 1

Anxiety disorders ?

Answer 1

-anxiety that is unrelenting, unreasonably exaggerated given the circumstances and interrupts one’s ability to meet the everyday demands of life. (apprehension or nervousness )

Question 2

Social Phobia?

Answer 2

• fear of being scrutinized, rejected or embarrassed in public
• hyper activity of amygdala and Orbitofrontal cortex
• *most common

Question 3

Specific Phobia?

areas?

Answer 3

• extreme anxiety that results when confronting or event thinking about certain objects or situations.
• heightened activity in, visual areas, supplementary motor regions, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, and insular cortex

Question 4

Panic Disorder ?

symptoms?

Answer 4

• seemingly unprovoked, quickly mounting, full blown alarm reactions marked by heightened sympathetic nervous system activity.
• racing heartbeat, sweating, trembling, chest pain , diff breathing, nausea, and sense of losing control or detachment from reality. (panic attack )

Question 5

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?

• symptoms
• ex: contamination
• brain areas: low volume, decreased activation and increased activation

Answer 5

• persistently nagging, uncontrollable, anxiety provoking thoughts that often involve checking, counting, avoiding or cleaning (obsessions) that a person attempts to relieve or dispel by engaging in some repetitious behaviour (compulsion)
• reduction in the volume of the hippocampus and amygdala, decreased activation of the Orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia, increased activation of the caudate and frontal and parietal cortices.

Question 6

Post traumatic Stress Disorder ?
develops via?
symptoms?

Answer 6

• develops after exp traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, abuse or military combat where one’s safety or life was threatened.
• re-experience the event in dreams or illusions and lose his or her sense of safety; pleasure in life, and connectedness to loved ones and friends

Question 7

Posttraumatic stress disorder structural brain abnormalities associated with it are: ____ in volume of the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula and dysfunctional ____of other regions such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.

Answer 7

-decreased, activation

Question 8

Genetic link between depression and anxiety?

Answer 8

• short alleles of the promotor region of the serotonin 5-HT transporter gene which regulates the # of 5-HT transporter proteins…
• if you have depression and this theres an increased likely hood of getting anxiety disorders