Measuring Conditioned behaviour of nonhumans

Question 0

Operant Conditioning?

Answer 0

behaviour (learned) via reinforcements.

Question 1

Classical Conditioning?

Answer 1

stimulus preceding the administration of a drug = CS( conditioned stimulus.
This can elicit a drug like effect= CR ( Conditioned Response)
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)= drug
UCR (unconditioned response)= physiological response to drug

Question 2

Skinner box and a manipulandum?

Answer 2

Skinner box: used to study operant conditioning , small cage attached to an apparatus that delivers reinforcing stimulus.
Manipulandum: something that the animal can manipulate or move.

Question 3

Reinforcer?

Answer 3

An event that increases the frequency of a response that it is contingent upon.

Question 4

Positive Reinforcers?

Answer 4

Increase behaviour when they are given or applied following the behaviour’s occurrence.

Question 5

Negative Reinforcers?

Answer 5

Increase behaviour when they are removed or prevented following the behaviours occurrence. (electroshock)

Question 6

Primary Reinforcer??

Answer 6

A stimulus that acts as a reinforcer without prior experience. (drug administration)

Question 7

Secondary Reinforcer?

Answer 7

It acquired its reinforcing properties through classical conditioning when it is paired with a primary reinforcer. (stimulus associated with drugs delivery)

Question 8

Punishment?

Answer 8

Responding that is maintained by positive reinforcement may be suppressed if it is also followed by a stimulus such as electro.

Question 9

Schedule of Reinforcement ??

Answer 9

The pattern that determines when reinforcements are to be given.

Question 10

Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement??

Answer 10

reinforcement is given based on the number of responses an animal makes, the schedule is known as a ratio schedule.

Question 11

Fixed Ration?? (FR)

Answer 11

the animal is required to make a fixed number of responses in order to be reinforced.

Question 12

Variable Ration?? (VR)

Answer 12

the number of required responses varies from reinforcer to reinforcer, so that any given time the occurrence of a reinforced response cannot be predicted. ( ex: a VR of 30 schedule will produce a reinforcer on AVG!! every 30 responses)

Question 13

Interval Schedule????????

Answer 13

responding is reinforced only if a period of time has elapsed since the previous reinforcer was applied.

Question 14

Fixed Interval? (FI)

Answer 14

a response is reinforced only after a fixed time has elapsed.

Question 15

Variable Interval??? (VI)

Answer 15

the interval during which the animal is required to wait before a behaviour is reinforced varies. (VI 2 mins? On AVG every 2 mins)

Question 16

Avoidance Escape Tasks??

Answer 16

If an animal makes a response while the warning stimulus is off and the shock never comes, this is avoidance.
If an animal does not respond to the warning stimulus, the shock turns on and the animal can then escape. this is escape .

Question 17

Shuttle box?

Answer 17

Used in avoidance-escape exps. Long narrow box with a grid floor that can be electrified.