Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Diagnostic Parasitology > (P) Lec 3: Free-Living Pathogenic Amoeba > Flashcards

(P) Lec 3: Free-Living Pathogenic Amoeba Flashcards

1
Q

These parasites, classified under free-living amoeba, can cause disease among humans thus, more appropriately called?

A

opportunist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

FREE-LIVING PATHOGENIC AMOEBA

TOF. They exist in the environment mainly in dry, fresh water and plants.

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Opportunist amoeba may be classified under 2 genera

A

Naegleria & Acanthaamoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This species are classified as ameboflagellate, whereby stages of development consist of flagellate- and amoeboid (non-flagellate) form

A

Naegleria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TOF. Acanthamoeba species do also have flagellate forms.

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In general, Naegleria fowleri causes?

A

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TOF. Acanthamoeba culbertsoni are also able to produce PAM but to a lesser extent than that of Naegleria.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Naegleria fowleri

People usually get infected when contaminated water enters the body through the?

A

Nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Naegleria fowleri also known as the?

A

brain-eating amoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Naegleria fowleri

TOF. This cannot cause infections from swallowing water contaminated with Naegleria.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Naegleria fowleri

two forms of tropho

A

amoeboid and flagellate forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Naegleria fowleri

non-motile resistant form

A

cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Naegleria fowleri

colonizes water and moist soil

A

Tropho

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Naegleria fowleri

  • pear shaped
  • move forward rapidly or spin
  • transform into the amoeboid form, at which stage division occurs
A

flagellate form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Naegleria fowleri

  • elongated anterior and distinctly tapered posterior end forming a single clear pseudopod at the forward end
  • uroid process, posterior end
A

Amoeboid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Naegleria Fowleri: Trophozoite

knob- like structure called?

A

uroid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Naegleria fowleri

amoeboid: size when active

A

7 X 20 μm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Naegleria fowleri

amoeboid: rounded size

A

10-5 μm (diameter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Naegleria fowleri: Amoeboid

TOF. Each organism has a single nucleus with a small karyosome at the anterior part of the endoplasm

A

F (large)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Naegleria fowleri: Amoeboid

TOF. cytoplasm is filled with granules and one or more contractile vacuoles.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Naegleria fowleri

  • forms in agar culture media and the one found in nature
  • pherical with a single nucleus, measuring 7-10 μm in diameter, with a smooth, heavy, and thick wall
A

Cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Naegleria fowleri

The nucleus is not usually evident, and cyst looks empty.

A

Cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Naegleria fowleri

TOF. Stained organism will show the nucleus having the same appearance as that in the trophozoite although smaller in size.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This infection is acquired through instillation of trophozoite into the nose when the person swims in infected bodies of water

A

Naegleria fowleri infection or Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

TOF. The trophozoites can go into the brain via the first cranial nerve.

A

T

olfactory nerve epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

TOF. The cyst form is aquatic in nature

A

F (tropho)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

unable to cause infection in experimental animals

A

Cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

A. Pathology is generally limited in the brain
B. Blood congestion of the Meninges
C. Olfactory bulbs become hemorrhagic with necrosis
D. Moderately purulent appearance of the Meninges

A

All

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

TOF. Infection is dramatic.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

leads to neck stiffness or generalized seizure or convulsion

A

Meningeal irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

Symptoms (select all the possible answers)
A. Prodromal symptoms
B. Nausea and vomiting
C. Shortness of breath
D. Diarrhea

A

A & B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

Involved regions in the brain

A

olfactory, frontal, temporal, and cerebellar regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

Involvement of this results to disturbances in the sense of smell and/or taste

A

olfactory bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

Death occurs early and the clinical course seldom exceeds?

35
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

TOF. Patients, oftentimes, become irrational prior to coma.

36
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

TOF. This infection is usually fatal, but survival rate is still low even if diagnosed early.

37
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

The recommended treatment for Naegleria infection is a combination of?

A

Amphotericin B and Miltefosine

38
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

an antifungal drug that is usually given intravenously or into the space around the spinal cord.

A

Amphotericin B

39
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

  • an investigational drug used in breast cancer and leishmaniasis
  • shows effective in killing Naegleria amoeba in vitro and animal studies
A

Miltefosine

40
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

The organism may be recovered from the?

41
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

The organism may be recovered from the CSF obtained through?

A

lumbar puncture

42
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

a small amount of CSF is diluted with distilled water and observed through a?

A

hanging drop preparation

43
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

TOF. Gram stain will color the parasite.

44
Q

NAEGLERI FOWLERI

T or F

Immuno-fluorescence and/or immunoperoxidase methods cannot be used to demonstrate the organism.

45
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

These staining methods are preferred

A

Iron hematoxylin and Wright’s staining

46
Q

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

measures to prevent and control Naegleria infections, except:
A. avoid contact with stagnant or thermal waters
B. salination of public water pools up to 0.9%
C. adequate chlorination of public waters, including swimming facilities
D. public education

47
Q

ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES

Acanthamoeba species can be found:
A. dust in air
B. jacuzzis
C. ventilating units
D. fresh water
E. dialysis machines

select all possible answers

48
Q

ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES

TOF. Even though its widespread distribution, systemic infection occurs only the immunocompromised population.

49
Q

ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES

resistant stage

50
Q

ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES

TOF. no flagellate form among species of Acanthamoeba.

51
Q

ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES

This stage has an irregular shape due to spine-like pseudopodia and acanthopodia from the lobopodia.

A

trophozoite

52
Q

ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES: morphology and species

has an average size of 30μm. It contains a prominent nucleus and large nucleolus

A

Acanthamoeba culbertsoni- Trophozoite

53
Q

ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES

  • is spherical, with slight irregular outline
  • measures 20μm or more
  • double walled, with polyhedral inner cyst wall (endocyst)
  • smooth or slightly wrinkled outer wall (ectocyst)
  • It has a centrally located nucleus with large, central karyosome.
A

Acanthamoeba culbertsoni: cyst

54
Q
  • has a broad, hyaline lobopodian and numerous delicate looking acanthopodia
  • The uroid process may be prominent.
  • The cytoplasm has a single and prominent contractile vacuole.
  • has a vesicular nucleus and centrally located endosome
  • average length is 23μm
A

Acanthamoeba polyphaga–Trophozoite:

55
Q

double walled with polyhedral or stellate endocyst and wrinkled ectocyst

A

Acanthamoeba polyphaga
 Cyst:

56
Q

elongated trophozoite

A

Acanthamoeba castellani

57
Q
  • average diameter of 16μm
  • has a polyhedral endocyst
  • a rippled wrinkled ectocyst.
A

Acanthamoeba castellani: cyst

58
Q
  • measures 25 to 60μm
  • conspicuous food vacuole, endoplasm and contains many small and yellowish refractile bodies.
A

Acanthamoeba astronyxis
– Trophozoite

59
Q
  • biconcave in shape with a folded ectocyst and stellate endocyst
  • Contains a single prominent nucleus.
  • diameter measures 14-25μm
A

Acanthamoeba astronyxis–cyst

60
Q

Species of Acanthamoeba produce?

A

granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis (GAE)

like u

61
Q

Symptoms of Acanthaamoeba or Naegleria

brain is secondary to infection elsewhere in the body via the blood stream

62
Q

Symptoms of Acanthamoeba or Naegleria

fever & headache

63
Q

Symptoms of Acanthamoeba or Naegleria

portals of entry include ulcerated or broken skin, the eyes, genitourinary tract, and probably the lungs

64
Q

Symptoms of Acanthaamoeba or Naegleria

Onset of disease is gradual with a tendency to be chronic with a prolonged course and oftentimes occurring among debilitated or patients with immune deficiency

65
Q

Symptoms of Acanthaamoeba or Naegleria

irrational prior to coma

66
Q

Symptoms of Acanthaamoeba or Naegleria

neck stiffness or generalized seizure or convulsion

67
Q

Symptoms of Acanthamoeba or Naegleria

Corneal infection (keratitis)

A

Acanthamoeba

68
Q

Acanthamoeba

Significant increase in Acanthamoeba infection occurred in different countries since?

69
Q

Acanthamoeba

Significant increase in Acanthamoeba infection occurred in different countries since 1985, which was linked to the use of?

A

contact lenses specially the soft ones

70
Q

Acanthamoeba

Central nervous system infections only, according to reports, was seen to occur more with:
A. A. polyphaga
B. A. hatchetti
C. A. castellani

A

A

Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, A. polyphaga, and A. astronyxis

71
Q

Acanthamoeba

cases of eye infections
A. A. culbertsoni
B. A. hatchetti
C. A. astronyxis

72
Q

Acanthamoeba

Most cases of GAE with eye infection were due to?

A

A. castellani

73
Q

Mainly, species of Acanthamoeba produces?

A

brain granuloma

74
Q

prominent feature of GAE

A

Altered mental status

halata naman

75
Q

Acanthamoeba

Headache, seizures, and neck-stiffness occur in about one half of the cases. Nausea and vomiting may also be present.

76
Q

Acanthamoeba

Brain lesion with Naegleria infection tends to be diffuse but focal with?

A

Acanthamoeba

77
Q

infection also occurs among animals such as beaver, cattle, dogs, rabbits, turkeys, and water buffaloes.

A

Acanthamoeba

78
Q

Acanthamoeba

Acanthamoeba eye infections are effectively treated with?

A

miconazole, metronidazole, and neomycin

79
Q

Acanthamoeba

TOF. Oral ketoconazole can also be given.

80
Q

Acanthamoeba

Laboratory diagnosis is through identification of trophozoites in the?

81
Q

Acanthamoeba

Laboratory diagnosis is through identification of trophozoites in the CSF through?

A

hanging-drop preparation

82
Q

Acanthamoeba

TOF. Culture, similar to one used in Naegleria, may also be done.

83
Q

Acanthamoeba

Identification of Acanthamoeba species is difficult if based on morphology alone. Differentiation is easier with the use of?

A

immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent staining procedures

84
Q

Acanthamoeba

Prevention and Control:
A. use, care, and disinfection of lenses
B. Body wounds should be taken cared
C. Avoid swimming in all body of water

Select all that may apply

Diagnostic Parasitology (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions