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Diagnostic Parasitology > (F) Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea (module-based) > Flashcards

(F) Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea (module-based) Flashcards

1
Q
  • causes diphyllobothriasis or broad tapeworm or fish tapeworm infection
  • also causes bothriocephalus anemia
  • distributed worldwide but more at the northern temperate regions when pickled or insufficiently cooked fresh-water fishes are prominent part of the diet
A

Dibothriocephalus latus

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2
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus AKA

A

broad, or fish tapeworm

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3
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus was previously known as

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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4
Q

Adult worms of Dibothriocephalus latus are frequently attached on the

A
  • walls of ileum
  • rarely in the jejunum
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5
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus

Morphology

  1. Sectorial groove or bothria
  2. Rectangular, with the width greater than the length
  3. Immature when laid, and with bubble-like germ balls.
  4. Globular-shaped, surrounded with cilia and contains a hexacanth embryo

A. Egg
B. Coracidium
C. Scolex
D. Segments

A

CDAB

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6
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus

Describe the shape of the scolex

A

Spatulate, or spoon-shaped

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7
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus

Segments: At the midline, ventral side, it has small, but prominent openings, which consist of? (2)

A

uterine and genital pore

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8
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus

 58–76x40–51um(ave.66–44um)
 Light golden-yellow in color
 Broadly ovoid, operculate, with
moderately thick shell
 Immature when laid, and with bubble-like
germ balls.

A

Egg

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9
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus

Result of the egg hatching in bodies of freshwater.

anong morphology

A

Coracidium

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10
Q

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

MOT

A

ingestion of plerocercoid or sparganum larva contained in the flesh of improperly cooked freshwater fishes

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11
Q

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

Ingestion of what fishes

A

like pike, salmon, and trout

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12
Q

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

Where does it mature

A

walls of ileum

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13
Q

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

After attaching to the walls, when does it lay eggs?

A

5-6 weeks

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14
Q

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

Stage of the egg passed with feces

A

Immature eggs

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15
Q

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

  1. On maturation of the egg, this escapes through the operculum and swims in the water
  2. The first intermediate host ingests this and later transforms into?
  3. The second intermediate hosts ingests the 1st inter. hosts then later transform into what larvae?

A. plerocercoid or sparganum larvae
B. procercoid
C. coracidium

A

CBA

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16
Q

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

first intermediate hosts

A

Tiny water crustaceans, like copepods

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17
Q

Most common copepods

A

Diaptomus vulgaris

18
Q

Rare copepods

A

cyclops strenuous

19
Q

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

second intermediate hosts

A

Freshwater fishes

20
Q

Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus

where does the ingested procercoids transforms into lerocercoid or sparganum larvae of the fish?

A

tissues and muscles

21
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

The worms, at the jejunum, compete with the absorption of vitamin B12 resulting to?

A

pernicious or megaloblastic type of anemia

22
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

TOF. Indefinite digestive symptoms include include nervous disturbances, digestive disorders, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, weakness, and malnutrition.

A

F (minor symptoms)

23
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

Indefinite digestive symptoms

familiarize

A

hunger pains, epigastric fullness, appetite loss, and nausea and vomiting

24
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

TOF. The presence of the adult worm in the intestine usually causes NO symptoms among infected individuals.

A

T

25
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

Vague, non-specific, and variable symptoms are oftentimes attributed to?

A

absorption of toxic secretion or by products of degenerating proglottids

26
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations

The worms irritate the?

A

Mucosa

27
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus: Lab Diagnosis

Recover egg or segments

A

Kato-Katz

effective technique to demonstrate eggs in feces

28
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus: Treatment

Anti-helminthic drugs such as?

A

niclosamide, praziquantel, paromomycin, and quinacrine hydrochloride

29
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus: Treatment

What should be recovered after administration of the drug to ensure adequate treatment of tapeworm infections?

A

scolices

30
Q

name at least one prevention and control for fish tapeworm

A

 Proper and adequate cooking of all suspected freshwater fishes.
 Immediate diagnosis and prompt treatment of cases.
 Proper and sanitary disposal of human waste.
 Public education.

31
Q
  • a condition wherein an individual is infected with larval forms (plerocercoid larvae) of some species of Pseudophyllidea worms
  • not natural parasites of man; thus, infection is limited to the larval stages only
A

Sparganosis

32
Q

MOT of Human Sparganosis

3 possible answer

A
  • drinking water infected with procercoid larva
  • ingestion of plerocercoid from raw flesh of birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals
  • local application of the flesh of infected vertebrate to the skin, conjunctiva or vagina resulting to the migration of the sparganum larva out of the flesh of infected vertebrate animal into the tissues of man
33
Q

SPARGANOSIS

This larva penetrates the intestinal wall and migrates to the subcutaneous tissues and muscle where it develops into typical sparganum larva.

A

procercoid larva

34
Q

SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations

The spargana may be lodged in various parts of the human body including the?

A

brain, eyes or orbit, and abdominal viscera

35
Q

SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations

this Ocular sparganosis omes with intense pain, irritation, and edematous swelling of eyelids with excessive lacrimation

A

Ocular sparganosis

36
Q

SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations

Sub-conjunctival invasion leads to?

dalawa

A

lagophthalmia (protruding eyes) and ulceration of the cornea

37
Q

SPARGANOSIS: Lab Diagnosis

What may be done (2)

A

surgical removal of the organism and identification of the sparganum larva

37
Q

SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations

developed over and around the larvae in the subcutaneous tissues

A

Itching pustules

38
Q

SPARGANOSIS: Treatment available

drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

39
Q

SPARGANOSIS: Treatment available

Surgical removal of what larval stage?

A

Sparangum larva

40
Q

SPARGANOSIS:

PREVENTION

A

drinking only boiled or filtered water

in areas where the parasite is endemic or suspected to be present and cooking food properly

41
Q

CONGRATS U R DONE

A

MWAH

Diagnostic Parasitology (33 decks)

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