(F) Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea (module-based) Flashcards
- causes diphyllobothriasis or broad tapeworm or fish tapeworm infection
- also causes bothriocephalus anemia
- distributed worldwide but more at the northern temperate regions when pickled or insufficiently cooked fresh-water fishes are prominent part of the diet
Dibothriocephalus latus
Dibothriocephalus latus AKA
broad, or fish tapeworm
Dibothriocephalus latus was previously known as
Diphyllobothrium latum
Adult worms of Dibothriocephalus latus are frequently attached on the
- walls of ileum
- rarely in the jejunum
Dibothriocephalus latus
Morphology
- Sectorial groove or bothria
- Rectangular, with the width greater than the length
- Immature when laid, and with bubble-like germ balls.
- Globular-shaped, surrounded with cilia and contains a hexacanth embryo
A. Egg
B. Coracidium
C. Scolex
D. Segments
CDAB
Dibothriocephalus latus
Describe the shape of the scolex
Spatulate, or spoon-shaped
Dibothriocephalus latus
Segments: At the midline, ventral side, it has small, but prominent openings, which consist of? (2)
uterine and genital pore
Dibothriocephalus latus
58–76x40–51um(ave.66–44um)
Light golden-yellow in color
Broadly ovoid, operculate, with
moderately thick shell
Immature when laid, and with bubble-like
germ balls.
Egg
Dibothriocephalus latus
Result of the egg hatching in bodies of freshwater.
anong morphology
Coracidium
Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus
MOT
ingestion of plerocercoid or sparganum larva contained in the flesh of improperly cooked freshwater fishes
Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus
Ingestion of what fishes
like pike, salmon, and trout
Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus
Where does it mature
walls of ileum
Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus
After attaching to the walls, when does it lay eggs?
5-6 weeks
Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus
Stage of the egg passed with feces
Immature eggs
Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus
- On maturation of the egg, this escapes through the operculum and swims in the water
- The first intermediate host ingests this and later transforms into?
- The second intermediate hosts ingests the 1st inter. hosts then later transform into what larvae?
A. plerocercoid or sparganum larvae
B. procercoid
C. coracidium
CBA
Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus
first intermediate hosts
Tiny water crustaceans, like copepods
Most common copepods
Diaptomus vulgaris
Rare copepods
cyclops strenuous
Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus
second intermediate hosts
Freshwater fishes
Life cycle: Dibothriocephalus latus
where does the ingested procercoids transforms into lerocercoid or sparganum larvae of the fish?
tissues and muscles
Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations
The worms, at the jejunum, compete with the absorption of vitamin B12 resulting to?
pernicious or megaloblastic type of anemia
Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations
TOF. Indefinite digestive symptoms include include nervous disturbances, digestive disorders, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, weakness, and malnutrition.
F (minor symptoms)
Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations
Indefinite digestive symptoms
familiarize
hunger pains, epigastric fullness, appetite loss, and nausea and vomiting
Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations
TOF. The presence of the adult worm in the intestine usually causes NO symptoms among infected individuals.
T
Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations
Vague, non-specific, and variable symptoms are oftentimes attributed to?
absorption of toxic secretion or by products of degenerating proglottids
Dibothriocephalus latus: Clinical Manifestations
The worms irritate the?
Mucosa
Dibothriocephalus latus: Lab Diagnosis
Recover egg or segments
Kato-Katz
effective technique to demonstrate eggs in feces
Dibothriocephalus latus: Treatment
Anti-helminthic drugs such as?
niclosamide, praziquantel, paromomycin, and quinacrine hydrochloride
Dibothriocephalus latus: Treatment
What should be recovered after administration of the drug to ensure adequate treatment of tapeworm infections?
scolices
name at least one prevention and control for fish tapeworm
Proper and adequate cooking of all suspected freshwater fishes.
Immediate diagnosis and prompt treatment of cases.
Proper and sanitary disposal of human waste.
Public education.
- a condition wherein an individual is infected with larval forms (plerocercoid larvae) of some species of Pseudophyllidea worms
- not natural parasites of man; thus, infection is limited to the larval stages only
Sparganosis
MOT of Human Sparganosis
3 possible answer
- drinking water infected with procercoid larva
- ingestion of plerocercoid from raw flesh of birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals
- local application of the flesh of infected vertebrate to the skin, conjunctiva or vagina resulting to the migration of the sparganum larva out of the flesh of infected vertebrate animal into the tissues of man
SPARGANOSIS
This larva penetrates the intestinal wall and migrates to the subcutaneous tissues and muscle where it develops into typical sparganum larva.
procercoid larva
SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations
The spargana may be lodged in various parts of the human body including the?
brain, eyes or orbit, and abdominal viscera
SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations
this Ocular sparganosis omes with intense pain, irritation, and edematous swelling of eyelids with excessive lacrimation
Ocular sparganosis
SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations
Sub-conjunctival invasion leads to?
dalawa
lagophthalmia (protruding eyes) and ulceration of the cornea
SPARGANOSIS: Lab Diagnosis
What may be done (2)
surgical removal of the organism and identification of the sparganum larva
SPARGANOSIS: Clinical Manifestations
developed over and around the larvae in the subcutaneous tissues
Itching pustules
SPARGANOSIS: Treatment available
drug of choice
Praziquantel
SPARGANOSIS: Treatment available
Surgical removal of what larval stage?
Sparangum larva
SPARGANOSIS:
PREVENTION
drinking only boiled or filtered water
in areas where the parasite is endemic or suspected to be present and cooking food properly
CONGRATS U R DONE
MWAH
