(P) Lab 1: Parasitic Amoeba Flashcards
PPT ni sir Rupert-based
1
Q
Organisms
A
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Endolimax nana
- Entamoeba coli
- Iodamoeba butchslii
+ E. hartmanni
2
Q
unicellular organisms and the lowest form of animal life
A
protozoa
3
Q
Two morphologic form of ameba life cycle:
A
Cyst & Trophozoite
4
Q
the form that feeds, multiplies and posses pseudopods
A
tropho
5
Q
non feeding stage
A
cyst
6
Q
the morphologic conversion from the CYST form into the TROPHOZOITES form
A
Excystation
7
Q
conversion of TROPHOZOITES to CYST.
A
encystation
8
Q
Laboratory Diagnosis
A
- Saline wet prep
- Iodine wet prep
- permanent stains
9
Q
exhibits rapid, unidirectional, progressive movement with the help of finger-like hyaline pseudopods.
A
Entamoeba histolytica: Cyst
9
Q
Classification of the Amoebas
A
- Intestinal
- Extraintestinal
10
Q
Variants of karyosome include eccentric or fragmented
karyosomal material
A
E. histolytica (tropho)
11
Q
Nucleus contains a small central mass of chromatin known as a karyosome (also known as karyosomal chromatin)
A
Entamoeba histolytica: Trophozoites
12
Q
histolytica
surround the karyosome of the trophozoite
A
Peripheral Chromatin
13
Q
Contains a fine granular cytoplasm, often referred to as ground glass in appearance
A
E. histolytica Tropho
14
Q
A
E. histolytica trophozoite
15
Q
E. histolytica trophozoite
no. of nuclei
A
1
16
Q
E. histolytica
Non-motile
A
Cyst
17
Q
E. histolytica
1-4 nuclei
A
Cyst
18
Q
E. histolytica
Small and central karyosome
A
Both
19
Q
E. histolytica
Fine and evenly distributed peripheral chromatin
A
Both
20
Q
E. histolytica
Chromatoid bars, Rounded ends in young cysts, Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts
A
Cyst
21
Q
E. histolytica
Diagnosis
A
Coproculture: Direct fecal smear
Concentration methods: Formalin Ether Concentration test, Merthiolate Iodine Formalin Concentration
Culture: Robinson’s and Inoki medium
Serology: IHAT, CIE, AGD, IFAT, ELISA
22
Q
Microscopic Diagnosis
using this visualization of trophozoite motility will
be seen
A
DFS, with NSS,
23
Q
Microscopic Diagnosis
Concentration methods (2)
A
Formalin Ether Concentration TEST
Merthiolate Iodine Formalin Concentration Test
24
# Diagnosis
Culture
Stool's culture using Locke's egg serum
25
Diagnosis using serology tests, except:
1. Indirect hemagglutination (IHAT)
2. Counter Immunoelectrophoresis (CIE)
3. Agar gel diffusion (AGD)
4. Immunoenzyme test (IT)
5. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
4 (dapat Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT))
26
1. Which of the following structures is (are) typical in trophozoites of
E. histolytica?
A. Single nucleus with a small karyosome
B. Unevenly distributed peripheral chromatin
C. Chromatoid bars
D. Glycogen mass
A
27
E. histolytica infection is traditionally diagnosed by finding which of
the following?
A. Adult and egg forms of the parasite in a suspected stool sample
B. Trophozoites and/or cysts in a suspected stool sample
C. Larvae in a suspected CSF sample
D. Adult form of the parasite in suspected tissue sample
B
28
The infective stage of E. histolytica is which of the following?
A. Trophozoite
B. Cyst
B
29
the only species pathogenic to man while others are non-pathogenic or commensals
E. histolytica
30
# 1.
inhabits the oral cavity, indicating poor oral hygiene
Entamoeba gingivalis
31
# E. histolytica
The ingested cyst passes through the stomach and then, into the?
the small intestine
32
has a cosmopolitan distribution, and the prevalence is higher among countries with tropical and/or subtropical climate than temperate regions
E. histolytica
33
parasite is a lumen - dweller that mainly inhabits the cecum
E. histolytica
33
# E. histolytica
The parasite becomes very active, breaks out of the cyst, and multiplies through
binary fission
33
has a very acidic medium but becomes neutral or alkaline at the later part, which is where excystation occurs
Small intestine
34
# E. histo
Each mature cyst produces 4 daughter organisms called?
metacystic trophozoites
## Footnote
which in turn multiply continuously through binary fission resulting into a colony.
35
# E. histo
As the content of the colon moves towards the rectum, water is absorbed thus making the feces more solid. The parasite, at this point, undergoes?
encystation as the feces transits the large intestine
36
excreted with the feces is the infective stage to other persons for as long as it remains viable
cyst
37
# E. histolytica
incubation period
1-4 months
38
# E. histolytica
biologic incubation period
2-5 days or longer
39
# E. histolytica
Some infected individuals, called carriers, may remain asymptomatic for several years and since their stool contains infective cyst, they are also referred as?
cyst passers
40
# E. histolytica
most common habitation site of E. histolytica; slower or more turbulent flow of contents than the other parts, thus favoring colonization
cecum
41
# E. histolytica
Trophozoites move actively from one place to another by means of a?
pseudopodium
42
# E. histolytica
secrete lytic enzymes that can lyse tissues (histolytica – meaning lysis of cells
tropho
## Footnote
The lytic enzymes and activity of the pseudopodia cause trophozoites to produce lysis of the intestinal wall
43
# E. histolytica
relatively resistant to such digestion causing the organisms to extend the intestinal ulcers sideward resulting to flask-shaped ulcer, the typical lesion of amoebic ulcer.
muscular layer of the intestine
44
Trophozoites can, also, cause irritation of the intestinal wall causing increase peristalsis and secretion of significant amount of mucus resulting to mucoid-watery stools
E. histolytica
45
# E. histolytica
an erode blood vessels causing blood to ooze into the feces thus, production of bloody-mucoid diarrhea
Migrating trophozoites
46
Occasionally, trophozoites in the intestinal tract may stimulate proliferation of fibrous tissue resulting to formation of granuloma referred as?
amoeboma
## Footnote
may be mistaken for a tumor or malignant growth
47
# E. histo
Overtly active trophozoites can pass through the walls of the intestinal tract allowing them to gain access to other organs resulting to?
extra-intestinal amoebiasis
48
From the cecum, trophozoites can reach distant sites through lymphatics, blood vessels (hematogenous route), via?
direct extension
49
most common site of extra-intestinal amoebiasis
liver
49
Lysis of liver cells results to an
abscess
50
Liver exudate contains
trophozoites, pus cells and digested liver cells
51
not seen in the exudates since encystation does not take place in the tissues
cyst
52
Diagnotic feature of the cytoplasm
ingested RBC
53
A. Centrally located karyosome
B. Bullseye karyosome
C. Both
D. NOTA
C
54
Diagnostic feature of this
Cigar-shaped or with rounded ends
| may be seen in the cytoplasm
## Footnote
E. histolytica (cyst)
55
* a commensal parasite that inhabits the cecum
* distributed worldwide and more prevalent in warm that cold climates
* Life history is like that of Entamoeba histolytica
* presence in human feces indicates that there has been fecal contamination of the foods and/or drinks thus placing the individual into the risk of acquiring illnesses that are fecal borne in nature
Entamoeba coli
56
Diagnostic feature
MULTIPLE PROMINENT
NUCLEI
## Footnote
E. coli (cyst)
57
Describe the chromatoidal body
splintered ends, with jagged-ends, or appear like whiskbroom
## Footnote
E. coli cyst
58
A. Cytoplasm is dirty-looking due to ingested food particles.
B. Cytoplasm is dirty-looking due to ingested bacteria.
C. Cytoplasm is dirty-looking due to ingested food particles and bacteria.
C
## Footnote
E. coli (cyst)
59
Describe cytoplasm
dirty-looking
| vacuoles that contain ingested food particles as well as bacteria
## Footnote
E. coli tropho
60
TOF. Laboratory diagnosis for E. coli includes the demonstration of cyst and/or trophozoite in fecal smears WITHOUT stain.
T (w/out stain)
61
large race (>10um) pertains to?
Entamoeba histolytica,
62
small race (<10um) pertains to?
Entamoeba hartmanni
63
widely distributed but more cases are in tropical- and sub- tropical regions of the world
ENTAMOEBA HARTMANNI
64
TOF. The incidence of infection for E. hartmanni is higher in communities with high incidence of Entamoeba coli infection.
T
65
Stage of E. hartmanni
Trophozoite
66
Motility
sluggish and
slightly directional
## Footnote
E. hartmanni
67
Stage
E. hartmanni cyst
68
Diagnostic feature
rice grains
## Footnote
E. hartmanni
69
A. Large eccentric karyosome
B. Vesicular
C. Fine chromatin granules
B
70
A. food particles and bacteria
B. ingested RBC
C. both
A
71
A. Bacilliform
B. Cross-eyed apperance
C. Both
C
## Footnote
Endolimax nana cyst
72
Diagnostic feature
GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE
73
# Parasite
Endolimax nana cyst
74
A. motility: slug-like
B. organ: long pseudopodia
C. NOTA
A
## Footnote
Endolimax nana
trophozoite
75
# Parasite
Endolimax nana
trophozoite
76
Size of the glycogen mass
2/3rd or 1/2
## Footnote
Iodamoeba butchslii cyst
77
Surrounded by chromatin granules called?
perikaryosomal
chromatin granules
## Footnote
Iodamoeba butschlii
trophozoite
78
a harmless commensal of the human intestine that inhabits the cecum
Iodamoeba butchslii, E. nana, E. coli
79
# parasite
existing in the trophozoite form only
ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS
80
inhabit the oral cavity
ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS
81
# E. gingivalis
Morphology is similar with the trophic forms of E. histolytica and E. nana.
| TOF
F (histo & coli)
82
It is primarily recovered from _________ pockets between teeth and gums and in tonsillar crypts
pyorrhea
83
# E. gingivalis
Red blood cells are very rarely seen in its cytoplasm. Most frequently, it ingests fragments of?
leukocytes
84
TOF. E. gingivalis is known for its great ability to ingest white cells and/or fragments of its nucleus.
T
85
It is usually found associated with a non-pathogenic flagellate
Trichomonas tenax
86
inhabits the oral cavity, some oral fusiform bacteria, and oral moniliasis (caused by Candida albicans)
Trichomonas tenax
87
E. gingivalis is, oftentimes, associated with what infection?
Actinomyces infection
88
