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Diagnostic Parasitology > (P) Lab 1: Parasitic Amoeba > Flashcards

(P) Lab 1: Parasitic Amoeba Flashcards

PPT ni sir Rupert-based

1
Q

Organisms

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. Endolimax nana
  3. Entamoeba coli
  4. Iodamoeba butchslii

+ E. hartmanni

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2
Q

unicellular organisms and the lowest form of animal life

A

protozoa

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3
Q

Two morphologic form of ameba life cycle:

A

Cyst & Trophozoite

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4
Q

the form that feeds, multiplies and posses pseudopods

A

tropho

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5
Q

non feeding stage

A

cyst

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6
Q

the morphologic conversion from the CYST form into the TROPHOZOITES form

A

Excystation

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7
Q

conversion of TROPHOZOITES to CYST.

A

encystation

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8
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis

A
  1. Saline wet prep
  2. Iodine wet prep
  3. permanent stains
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9
Q

exhibits rapid, unidirectional, progressive movement with the help of finger-like hyaline pseudopods.

A

Entamoeba histolytica: Cyst

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9
Q

Classification of the Amoebas

A
  1. Intestinal
  2. Extraintestinal
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10
Q

Variants of karyosome include eccentric or fragmented
karyosomal material

A

E. histolytica (tropho)

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11
Q

Nucleus contains a small central mass of chromatin known as a karyosome (also known as karyosomal chromatin)

A

Entamoeba histolytica: Trophozoites

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12
Q

histolytica

surround the karyosome of the trophozoite

A

Peripheral Chromatin

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13
Q

Contains a fine granular cytoplasm, often referred to as ground glass in appearance

A

E. histolytica Tropho

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14
Q
A

E. histolytica trophozoite

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15
Q

E. histolytica trophozoite

no. of nuclei

A

1

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16
Q

E. histolytica

Non-motile

A

Cyst

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17
Q

E. histolytica

1-4 nuclei

A

Cyst

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18
Q

E. histolytica

Small and central karyosome

A

Both

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19
Q

E. histolytica

Fine and evenly distributed peripheral chromatin

A

Both

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20
Q

E. histolytica

Chromatoid bars, Rounded ends in young cysts, Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts

A

Cyst

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21
Q

E. histolytica

Diagnosis

A

Coproculture: Direct fecal smear
Concentration methods: Formalin Ether Concentration test, Merthiolate Iodine Formalin Concentration
Culture: Robinson’s and Inoki medium
Serology: IHAT, CIE, AGD, IFAT, ELISA

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22
Q

Microscopic Diagnosis

using this visualization of trophozoite motility will
be seen

A

DFS, with NSS,

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23
Q

Microscopic Diagnosis

Concentration methods (2)

A

Formalin Ether Concentration TEST
Merthiolate Iodine Formalin Concentration Test

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24
Q

Diagnosis

Culture

A

Stool’s culture using Locke’s egg serum

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25
Q

Diagnosis using serology tests, except:
1. Indirect hemagglutination (IHAT)
2. Counter Immunoelectrophoresis (CIE)
3. Agar gel diffusion (AGD)
4. Immunoenzyme test (IT)
5. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A

4 (dapat Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT))

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26
Q
  1. Which of the following structures is (are) typical in trophozoites of
    E. histolytica?
    A. Single nucleus with a small karyosome
    B. Unevenly distributed peripheral chromatin
    C. Chromatoid bars
    D. Glycogen mass
A

A

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27
Q

E. histolytica infection is traditionally diagnosed by finding which of
the following?
A. Adult and egg forms of the parasite in a suspected stool sample
B. Trophozoites and/or cysts in a suspected stool sample
C. Larvae in a suspected CSF sample
D. Adult form of the parasite in suspected tissue sample

A

B

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28
Q

The infective stage of E. histolytica is which of the following?
A. Trophozoite
B. Cyst

A

B

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29
Q

the only species pathogenic to man while others are non-pathogenic or commensals

A

E. histolytica

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30
Q

1.

inhabits the oral cavity, indicating poor oral hygiene

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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31
Q

E. histolytica

The ingested cyst passes through the stomach and then, into the?

A

the small intestine

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32
Q

has a cosmopolitan distribution, and the prevalence is higher among countries with tropical and/or subtropical climate than temperate regions

A

E. histolytica

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33
Q

parasite is a lumen - dweller that mainly inhabits the cecum

A

E. histolytica

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33
Q

E. histolytica

The parasite becomes very active, breaks out of the cyst, and multiplies through

A

binary fission

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33
Q

has a very acidic medium but becomes neutral or alkaline at the later part, which is where excystation occurs

A

Small intestine

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34
Q

E. histo

Each mature cyst produces 4 daughter organisms called?

A

metacystic trophozoites

which in turn multiply continuously through binary fission resulting into a colony.

35
Q

E. histo

As the content of the colon moves towards the rectum, water is absorbed thus making the feces more solid. The parasite, at this point, undergoes?

A

encystation as the feces transits the large intestine

36
Q

excreted with the feces is the infective stage to other persons for as long as it remains viable

A

cyst

37
Q

E. histolytica

incubation period

A

1-4 months

38
Q

E. histolytica

biologic incubation period

A

2-5 days or longer

39
Q

E. histolytica

Some infected individuals, called carriers, may remain asymptomatic for several years and since their stool contains infective cyst, they are also referred as?

A

cyst passers

40
Q

E. histolytica

most common habitation site of E. histolytica; slower or more turbulent flow of contents than the other parts, thus favoring colonization

A

cecum

41
Q

E. histolytica

Trophozoites move actively from one place to another by means of a?

A

pseudopodium

42
Q

E. histolytica

secrete lytic enzymes that can lyse tissues (histolytica – meaning lysis of cells

A

tropho

The lytic enzymes and activity of the pseudopodia cause trophozoites to produce lysis of the intestinal wall

43
Q

E. histolytica

relatively resistant to such digestion causing the organisms to extend the intestinal ulcers sideward resulting to flask-shaped ulcer, the typical lesion of amoebic ulcer.

A

muscular layer of the intestine

44
Q

Trophozoites can, also, cause irritation of the intestinal wall causing increase peristalsis and secretion of significant amount of mucus resulting to mucoid-watery stools

A

E. histolytica

45
Q

E. histolytica

an erode blood vessels causing blood to ooze into the feces thus, production of bloody-mucoid diarrhea

A

Migrating trophozoites

46
Q

Occasionally, trophozoites in the intestinal tract may stimulate proliferation of fibrous tissue resulting to formation of granuloma referred as?

A

amoeboma

may be mistaken for a tumor or malignant growth

47
Q

E. histo

Overtly active trophozoites can pass through the walls of the intestinal tract allowing them to gain access to other organs resulting to?

A

extra-intestinal amoebiasis

48
Q

From the cecum, trophozoites can reach distant sites through lymphatics, blood vessels (hematogenous route), via?

A

direct extension

49
Q

most common site of extra-intestinal amoebiasis

A

liver

49
Q

Lysis of liver cells results to an

A

abscess

50
Q

Liver exudate contains

A

trophozoites, pus cells and digested liver cells

51
Q

not seen in the exudates since encystation does not take place in the tissues

A

cyst

52
Q

Diagnotic feature of the cytoplasm

A

ingested RBC

53
Q

A. Centrally located karyosome
B. Bullseye karyosome
C. Both
D. NOTA

A

C

54
Q

Diagnostic feature of this

A

Cigar-shaped or with rounded ends

may be seen in the cytoplasm

E. histolytica (cyst)

55
Q
  • a commensal parasite that inhabits the cecum
  • distributed worldwide and more prevalent in warm that cold climates
  • Life history is like that of Entamoeba histolytica
  • presence in human feces indicates that there has been fecal contamination of the foods and/or drinks thus placing the individual into the risk of acquiring illnesses that are fecal borne in nature
A

Entamoeba coli

56
Q

Diagnostic feature

A

MULTIPLE PROMINENT
NUCLEI

E. coli (cyst)

57
Q

Describe the chromatoidal body

A

splintered ends, with jagged-ends, or appear like whiskbroom

E. coli cyst

58
Q

A. Cytoplasm is dirty-looking due to ingested food particles.
B. Cytoplasm is dirty-looking due to ingested bacteria.
C. Cytoplasm is dirty-looking due to ingested food particles and bacteria.

A

C

E. coli (cyst)

59
Q

Describe cytoplasm

A

dirty-looking

vacuoles that contain ingested food particles as well as bacteria

E. coli tropho

60
Q

TOF. Laboratory diagnosis for E. coli includes the demonstration of cyst and/or trophozoite in fecal smears WITHOUT stain.

A

T (w/out stain)

61
Q

large race (>10um) pertains to?

A

Entamoeba histolytica,

62
Q

small race (<10um) pertains to?

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

63
Q

widely distributed but more cases are in tropical- and sub- tropical regions of the world

A

ENTAMOEBA HARTMANNI

64
Q

TOF. The incidence of infection for E. hartmanni is higher in communities with high incidence of Entamoeba coli infection.

A

T

65
Q

Stage of E. hartmanni

A

Trophozoite

66
Q

Motility

A

sluggish and
slightly directional

E. hartmanni

67
Q

Stage

A

E. hartmanni cyst

68
Q

Diagnostic feature

A

rice grains

E. hartmanni

69
Q

A. Large eccentric karyosome
B. Vesicular
C. Fine chromatin granules

A

B

70
Q

A. food particles and bacteria
B. ingested RBC
C. both

A

A

71
Q

A. Bacilliform
B. Cross-eyed apperance
C. Both

A

C

Endolimax nana cyst

72
Q

Diagnostic feature

A

GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE

73
Q

Parasite

A

Endolimax nana cyst

74
Q

A. motility: slug-like
B. organ: long pseudopodia
C. NOTA

A

A

Endolimax nana
trophozoite

75
Q

Parasite

A

Endolimax nana
trophozoite

76
Q

Size of the glycogen mass

A

2/3rd or 1/2

Iodamoeba butchslii cyst

77
Q

Surrounded by chromatin granules called?

A

perikaryosomal
chromatin granules

Iodamoeba butschlii
trophozoite

78
Q

a harmless commensal of the human intestine that inhabits the cecum

A

Iodamoeba butchslii, E. nana, E. coli

79
Q

parasite

existing in the trophozoite form only

A

ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

80
Q

inhabit the oral cavity

A

ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS

81
Q

E. gingivalis

Morphology is similar with the trophic forms of E. histolytica and E. nana.

TOF

A

F (histo & coli)

82
Q

It is primarily recovered from _________ pockets between teeth and gums and in tonsillar crypts

A

pyorrhea

83
Q

E. gingivalis

Red blood cells are very rarely seen in its cytoplasm. Most frequently, it ingests fragments of?

A

leukocytes

84
Q

TOF. E. gingivalis is known for its great ability to ingest white cells and/or fragments of its nucleus.

A

T

85
Q

It is usually found associated with a non-pathogenic flagellate

A

Trichomonas tenax

86
Q

inhabits the oral cavity, some oral fusiform bacteria, and oral moniliasis (caused by Candida albicans)

A

Trichomonas tenax

87
Q

E. gingivalis is, oftentimes, associated with what infection?

A

Actinomyces infection

88
Q
A

Diagnostic Parasitology (37 decks)

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