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Diagnostic Parasitology > (M) Nematodes: Adenophorea & Secernentea [A. lumbricoides] (module-based) > Flashcards

(M) Nematodes: Adenophorea & Secernentea [A. lumbricoides] (module-based) Flashcards

T. trichiura, T. spiralis, C. philippinensis & A. lumbricoides 165-172

1
Q

Helminths, either parasitic or free-living, are worms classified under?

A

METAZOA

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2
Q

phyla

nematodes or roundworms

A

Nematoda

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3
Q

phyla

hair-snakes or gorgiid worms

A

Nematomorpha

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4
Q

Phyla

trematodes (flukes), cestodes (tapeworms), turbellaria

A

Platyhelminthes

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5
Q

Phyla

thorny-headed worms

A

Acanthocephala

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6
Q

Most of the medically important helminths are under the phylum (2)?

A

nematoda and platylheminths

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7
Q

TOF. Species of phylum Nematoda have separate sexes while Platyhelminthes are mostly hermaphroditic.

A

T

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8
Q

All platylhelminthes are hermphroditic except for?

A

blood flukes (schistosoma)

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9
Q

Other species are provided with cup like structures called the

A

suckers or acetabula (present among flukes and tapeworms)

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10
Q

How many eggs can A. lumbricoides produce?

A

200,000 per day

Not all these eggs, however, will be able to withstand the adverse conditions in the environment thus, not all of them are able to reach maturity.

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11
Q

The eggs, laid larvae, or the larvae that hatched from the eggs, encounter unfavorable conditions in the environment that may destroy them. These conditions include

familiarize nalng

A

desiccation, fermentation, overgrown by other organisms such as bacteria and/or fungi, too much water, extreme heat, inability to find or failure to be taken by the appropriate host, death of the host, and man-made barriers for their survival

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12
Q
  • considered true roundworms
  • free- living and exist everywhere in vast number
  • Some species are exclusive parasites of lower form of animals while others are found among humans only
  • provided with elongate and cylindrical bodies and with separate sexes
A

Nematodes

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13
Q

Nematodes

Majority of parasitic nematodes inhabits the?

A

intestinal tract of a man

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14
Q

Nematodes

TOF. The life history of nematodes may be direct (no intermediate host needed), or indirect (need intermediate host/s).

A

T

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15
Q

Nematodes

Pattern fo development

A

egg - larva - adult

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16
Q

Nematodes

Majority of roundworms undergoes 4 larval transformations, each of which is characterized by a?

A

molting process

In most instances, transformation from 3rd to 4th larval form, before becoming adult, takes place in the body of the definitive host. Thus, it takes 4 moltings before maturity.

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17
Q

Nematodes

Autoinfection can also occur with some nematodes like?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis, and Enterobius vermicularis

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18
Q

Nematodes

Integument system of roundworms consists of non-nucleated cuticula, which is secreted by the?

part of the skin sya

A

underlying hypodermis

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19
Q

Nematodes

TOF. They are no circular muscle fibers, and they move, mainly, through pseudopodia.

A

F (body flexion)

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20
Q

Nematodes

TOF. Some intestinal nematodes have structures such as** teeth, plates, hooks, stylets, or spines** for attachment.

A

T

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21
Q

. Some species can maintain their position in the lumen of the intestine through continuous flexion and relaxation of the longitudinal muscle fibers to counteract the peristalsis of the intestinal tract, which can cause them to be expelled out. The body cavity is called?

A

pseudocele

no mesothelial lining cells

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22
Q

Sperm cells are discharged through the

A

cloaca

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23
Q

The esophagus may be classified, based on shape and structure, into five types, namely:

A
  1. filariform
  2. rhabditiform
  3. spiruroid
  4. stichsoma
  5. strongyliform
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24
Q

Long, slender, simple, and muscular, seen among Strongyloidea

A

Filariform

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25
Q

muscular with three parts: proximal bulb, narrow isthmus, and distal body or corpus, as seen among free-living rhabditoids, parasitic
oxyuroids, and free-living and non-infective strongyloids

A

Rhabditiform

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26
Q

with muscular anterior and glandular posterior, seen in most of the spiruroidea and filaroidea

A

Spiruroid

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27
Q

long, slender embedded in a row of emboidal esophageal glandular cells (stichocytes), seen among trichinelloidea

A

Stichosoma

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28
Q

with short, muscular buccal structure with a waist, seen
among ancylostomatidae

A

Strongyliform

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29
Q

The excretory system consists of

A
  • excretory gland cells
  • lateral canals
  • excretory pore
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30
Q

is situated at the mid-ventral portion of the cephalic or cervical region.

A

excretory pore

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31
Q

is composed of fibers with dorsal, ventral, and lateral longitudinal trunks with transverse commissures, whereby the most important is the circum-esophageal ring (around the esophagus)

A

nervous system

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32
Q

TOF. Most part of nematodes’ existence is under anaerobic condition thus, they have no respiratory- or circulatory structures, they are in an anaerobic environment, anyway.

A

T

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33
Q

have curved tail end and are, usually, provided with special structures such as copulatory spicule or bursa, which aid during copulation.

A

Males of most species

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34
Q

TOF. females are smaller than males.

A

F (opposite)

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35
Q

Among bursate nematodes, the perianal or caudal cuticle is extended into an umbrella-like structure called

A

bursa

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36
Q

TOF. Sperm cells, oftentimes, are amoeboid instead of flagella type.

A

T

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37
Q

enumarate sp. female reproductive system may be single

A

Trichinella spiralis, Trichuris trichiura

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38
Q

female reproductive system may be double

A

Ascaris, Enterobius, and hookworms

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39
Q

this worms discharge eggs in the intestinal tract and are evacuated with the feces to be deposited in the environment

A

Oviparous worms

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40
Q

Embryonated eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura enter the body of man via the

A

oral route

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41
Q

portal of entry

Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis are

A

usually inhaled (nasal route) or to a lesser extent, may also be ingested (oral route)

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42
Q

infective larval stages of hookworms or Strongyloides stercoralis enter the body through

A

skin penetration

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43
Q

The infective stages of filaria worms enter the human body through percutaneous (skin) route via

A

bites of insect vectors

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44
Q

The type of transmission through non-essential, but advantageous intermediate host is referred as?

A

parathenesis

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45
Q

transport host (non-essential intermediate host) is called

A

parathenic host

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46
Q

(3) can pass through the placenta or mammary glands resulting to infection of the unborn baby

A

Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma species, and Toxocara species

Infective larval forms of some species

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47
Q

All nematodes are provided with a pair of lateral, tiny, receptors?

A

amphids or lateral organs

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48
Q

What region is the amphids located?

A

which are in the cephalic or cervical region

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49
Q

Nematodes without caudal glands have a pair of lateral post-anal glands called

A

caudal chemoreceptors

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50
Q

Species with caudal chemoreceptors are classified as

A

Secernentea (Phasmids)

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51
Q

Species without caudal chemoreceptors are classified as

A

Adenophorea (Aphasmids)

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52
Q

Most Adenophorea are non-parasitic and free-living. Only three are parasitic to man, namely:

A

Trichuris trichiura, Trichinella spiralis and Capillaria philippinensis.

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53
Q

gross appearance has cosmopolitan distribution but more in warm, moist regions of the world

what am i

A

Trichuris trichiura

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54
Q

T. trichiura

AKA

A

whipworm

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55
Q

T. trichiura

Inhabits

A
  • anterior end embedded, the walls of the cecum
  • walls of the appendix
  • colon
  • or lower part of the ileum
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56
Q

T. trichiura

TOF. Incidence is higher among children than adults

A

T

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57
Q

T. trichiura

diagnosed co- existing with

A

A. lumbricoides

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58
Q

T. trichiura

TOF. Grossly, the worm has narrower anterior 4/5th than the posterior thus called whip worm.

A

F (3/5)

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59
Q

T. trichiura

MALE OR FEMALE

35-40mm, tail end more or less straight, genitalia consist of single sacculate ovary, oviduct, and uterus, and vulva at the ventral anterior part of the fleshy tail end.

A

FEMALE

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60
Q

T. trichiura

MALE OR FEMALE

30-45mm, tail end coiled to 360O, genitalia consist of sacculate testis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct that empty into the cloaca, and a lancet- shaped spicule, covered with a sheath, situated at the most terminal part of the posterior region

A

MALE

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61
Q

T. trichiura

Shape of the egg

A

football or barrel shaped

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62
Q

T. trichiura

No. of layer, color of the egg, and other morphology

A

3-layered shell, outermost of which is brown in color, with protruding bipolar mucus plugs and laid unsegmented (without embryo)

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63
Q

T. trichiura

The female worm, anterior part attached to the cecal wall, lays unsegmented (fertilized without embryo) eggs in?

A

feces and deposited into the soil when the infected person defecates

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64
Q

T. trichiura

deposited in moist, warm, and shaded soil, embryonate for a period of about three weeks

A

eggs

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65
Q

T. trichiura

infective stage to man

A

embryonate egg

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66
Q

T. trichiura

This may remain viable for weeks or months in the soil

A

Embryonate egg

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67
Q

T. trichiura

What can damage the eggs?

A

Direct sunlight, desiccation, marked changes in oxygen and moisture, and other factors

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68
Q

T. trichiura

Man acquires the infection through ingestion of the

A

embryonated eggs that contaminate foods, drinks, or fingers

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69
Q

T. trichiura

this stage maybe carried by insects or animals like rat, flies, cockroaches, and humans on their bodies or fingers and mechanically transfer the eggs to the foods or drinks

A

egg

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70
Q

T. trichiura

Where do ingested eggs hatch in the body?

A

smoll intestine

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71
Q

T. trichiura

Where does the released larvae enter?

A

crypts of the lower ileum and colon

Later, the larvae enter the epithelium of the cecum (also at the adjacent sites)

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72
Q

T. trichiura

Maturation takes approximately

A

3 months

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73
Q

T. trichiura

TOF. The adult worms copulate, and female lays eggs in the cecum.

A

T

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74
Q

T. trichiura

A
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75
Q

T. trichiura

What part of the worm is embedded in the walls of the cecum

A

anterior part

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76
Q

T. trichiura

While what portion of the worm is lying free in the lumen allowing copulation and discharge of eggs

A

posterior part

77
Q

T. trichiura

A
78
Q

T. trichiura

TOF. moderate to severe infection may be asymptomatic for a long, long time.

A

F (mild to moderate)

79
Q

T. trichiura

Patients, developing diarrhea due to the parasite, may have

A

edematous and friable intestinal mucosa

80
Q

T. trichiura

. The worms suck blood from the?

A

intestine

81
Q

T. trichiura

This develops due to blood loss from the friable mucosa, not because of the amount of blood sucked by the parasites.

A

anemia

82
Q

T. trichiura

TOF. Disease destruction is due to mechanical and/or allergic processes.

A

F (production)

83
Q

T. trichiura

It is possible that the worms mechanically irritate plexuses of nerves in the intestinal walls resulting to?

A

relaxation of the anal sphincter muscles

84
Q

T. trichiura

In severe infection, this may lead to

A

rectal prolapse

85
Q

T. trichiura

Presence of this exudates from the colon is suggesting allergic response.

A

osinophilic infiltrates as well as Charcot- Leyden crystals

86
Q

T. trichiura

Laboratory diagnosis

A

eggs in direct fecal smears and/or in concentrated feces or identification of expelled adults

87
Q

T. trichiura

first-line treatment

A

Mebendazole

88
Q

T. trichiura

Other treatment for T. trichiura

A

albendazole

89
Q

Trichinella spiralis also known as? causing?

A

Trichina worm and causing trichinosis

90
Q

cosmopolitan distribution but is less important as an infection of man in the tropics and the Orient than it is in Europe and the United States

A

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

91
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

What gender is/are are tiny and thread-like

A

both

92
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

The uterus of the gravid female containes

A

stichosomes (gland-like cells lining the esophagus)

93
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

found in tissue sections of infected individuals, has the coiled larva (or larvae) interspersed between muscle fibers, surrounded with fibrous tissues and eosinophilic cells.

A

Encysted larva

94
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

What does the gravid female inhabit?

A

walls of the lower part of the duodenum or the duodenojejunal junction

of man, rats, and pigs)

95
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

What does the gravid female deposit?

A

L2 larvae in the mucosa of the small intestine

96
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

This stage enter the intestinal lymphatic, go to the peripheral circulation, then to different parts of the body and lodged in glycogen poor tissues to encyst (end-stage cycle in man)

A

Larvae

97
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

This are the constantly active muscles like the myocardium, respiratory, and skeletal muscles.

A

Glycogen poor tissues

98
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

present in raw or inadequately cooked pork, are ingested by man.

A

Encysted larva

99
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

infective stage

A

Encysted larva

100
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Digestive enzymes lyse the cyst capsules, and the freed larvae enter the walls of the intestine to become adults that copulate and the larviparous females produce?

A

L2 larvae

101
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

This animal may acquire the parasites through eating left over of infected pork in abattoirs or may eat carcasses of dead, infected rats

A

buRAT

102
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Trichinosis causes

A

localized inflammation and necrosis of muscle tissues.

103
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

preferred sites of the larvae to encyst

A

Muscles poor in glycogen

104
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Common sites where they are located

A

diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and other tissues that are constantly active

105
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Destruction and absorption of host tissues and larvae cause

A

generalized toxemia

106
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Numerous encysted larvae can cause widening of the gaps between muscle fibers resulting to

A

pseudohypertrophy of muscles

107
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

with epigastric abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, and/or diarrhea.

A
  1. Stage of invasion
108
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

fever, myalgia, edema around the eyes, and tiny hemorrhages underneath the nails.

A

Stage of larval migration

109
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

muscle pains, fever.

A

Stage of encystation

110
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

generalized edema due to toxemia,
muscle pains, fever, and mental apathy.

A

Stage of tissue repair and recovery

111
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Diagnosis is based on what demonstration that can be obtain through biopsy

A

encysted in stained muscle tissue sections

112
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Serologic tests

A

precipitation, complement fixation, Bentonite flocculation test, and Bachmann intradermal test

113
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Fresh muscle biopsy material maybe pressed between two slides after digestion method to demonstrate the?

A

unstained larvae

114
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

TOF. Trichinosis is not self-limiting within a few month.

A

F

115
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

first line of treatment

A

albendazole or mebendazole

116
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

The first line of treatment are both anti- parasitic drugs are effective in eliminating what stages?

A

adults and larvae.

117
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

may be given in cases of allergic reactions when the larvae enter muscle tissue or when dead since larvae release chemicals in the muscle tissue

A

Corticosteroids

118
Q

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Prevention

A

adequate cooking of meat and meat products, rodent control, and adequate meat inspection by authorities

119
Q
  • superstitious local folks had attributed the disease as caused by bad spirits.
  • quite several patients died of unknown causes in the past
  • it was named, at that time, Mystery disease, while others called it Pudok’s disease
  • epidemic proportions during the years 1967 to 1970
  • It also occurs on some islands of Leyte and some parts of Thailand
  • some reported cases also from Taiwan, Japan, Egypt, and Iran
A

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

120
Q

Capillaria philippinensis

The first proven case of human infection was in 1963, in a male patient from?

A

Ilocos Norte

who died with a diagnosis of malabsorption syndrome

121
Q

Capillaria philippinensis causing the so-called

A

pudok’s disease

122
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

Intermediate host

A

Fish

123
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

The fish intermediate host include

A

Hypseleotris bipartita, Ambassis miops, and Eliotris melanosoma.

124
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

.5 – 4.3mm long, body divided into two parts – the anterior with the esophagus and esophageal glands (stichosomes), and the posterior having the intestine and reproductive system.

A

Females

125
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

2.3 – 3.17mm, with a long chitinous copulatory spicule originating in the later part of the posterior end and extends beyond the terminal part of the posterior portion. The spicule usually has a thin membrane attached (overhanging sheath).

A

Male

126
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

45 x 21μm, laid unsegmented, has slightly constricted mid-part (peanut-shaped) with flattened bipolar mucus plugs and with pitted shell

A

Egg

127
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

They inhabit (burrowed) into the mucosa of the small intestine, mainly the jejunum (stage)

A

adult worms

128
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

Female worms are considered both?

A

larviparous and oviparous

129
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

Where does embryonation takes place?

A

eggs in bodies of water

130
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

this fishes ingest the embryonated eggs, larvae are liberated, and encyst in the flesh of the fish that later become L3 larvae

A

Fishes, locally known as bagsang, bagsit, and birut,

131
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

infective stage to man

A

L3

132
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

Humans acquire the infection through

A

eating raw infected fish

133
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

TOF. The larvae is digested, and cyst capsule are released

A

F (opposite)

134
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

organisms invade?

A

small intestine, particularly the jejunum

135
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

depending on the number of worms, causes

A

severe enteropathy

136
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

characterized with massive loss of water and electrolytes resulting to deranged intestinal function that leads to malabsorption

A

severe enteropathy

137
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

This manifestation can easily happen in this disease

A

Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration

138
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

What leaks into the intestinal tract?

A

plasma proteins

139
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

atients may manifest with gurgling sounds of the abdomen due to massive peristalsis

A

Borborygmi

140
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

Most of the adult worms, larvae and eggs are located between the?

A

mucosa and basement membrane of the intestinal glands

141
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

TOF. no inflammatory cells around the parasites.

A

T

142
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

What parameters in the body decreases?

A

Serum proteins and electrolytes (sodium and potassium)

due to muscle wasting, abdominal distention, and edema

143
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

Laboratory diagnosis

A

DFS and intestinal biopsies

144
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

The typical stage found in DFS

A

egg and in severe infections the larvae and adult worm

145
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

Serological tests

A

None

walang available eh

146
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

Treatment of Capillaria philippinensis infection

A

mebendazole and albendasole

147
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

How is mebendazole given?

A

200 mg twice a day for 20 days or until asymptomatic and there are no eggs present in the stool samples of the patient.

148
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

How is Albendazole given?

A

400 mg, can be given once a day for 10 days.

149
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

PREVENTION

A

cook fish thoroughly before eating, avoid eating raw fish, and use sanitary toilet for disposal of human waste.

150
Q
  • also known as giant intestinal roundworm
  • most common helminth infection of man
  • worldwide distribution, (WHO Classification of Helminthes), and is soil transmitted.
  • Incidence of infection among children is greater than adult individuals
A

Ascaris lumbricoides

151
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

the most common helminth infection of man

A

ascariasis

152
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

grossly, are flesh-colored with cylindrical body, tapered posterior with a lateral whitish streak line along the entire length and with 3 lips at the anterior part (mouth).

A

Adults

153
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

20-35cm x 3-6mm diameter, vulva at mid-ventral near the junction of the anterior and middle 3rd of the body.

The vulva is continuous with a single vagina that branches to form a pair of genital tubules, each of which consists of uterus, seminal receptacle, oviduct, and ovary that are coiled in the middle and posterior 3rd of the body.

A

female

154
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

15-31cm long x 2-4mm diameter, curved posterior, genital system consists of a long, single tubule made up of testis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct located at the posterior half of the body and opens into the cloaca.

A

MAle

155
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

88-94 x 39-44μm, elongate with relatively thin middle shell layer, with little or no outer mammillated shell, and contains disorganized refractile masses of lecithin, and can’t undergo embryonation.

A

Unfertilized egg

156
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

45-75 x 35-50μm, broadly ovoid with thick eggshell

A

Fertilized egg

157
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Fertilized egg consist of 4 layers

A
  • Uterine layer
  • Vitelline layer
  • Chitinous layer
  • Ascaroside or lipid layer
158
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

consists of acid mucopolysaccharide and protein, giving the egg the mamillated (or with cortications) appearance and yellowish brown in color

A

uterine layer

159
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

consists of lipoproteins

A

vitalline and ascaroside layer

160
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

consists of proteins

A

chitinous layer

161
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

without the outermost shell layer, thus it is colorless, contains a mass of coarse lecithin granules, which can develop in- to the embryonated stage when placed in shaded, environment soil, with moisture and good source of carbon, such as trash or dried plants and leaves.

A

Fertilized egg decorticated

162
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

hatches in the small intestine with the released larva penetrates the intestinal wall, enters venous circulation, passes through the liver, and enter the right side of the heart.

A

segmented egg

163
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

to become an adult worm, the larva in the stomach goes to the

A

small intestine

164
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Where does the mating takes place?

A

small intestine

which are discharged into the feces of human host

165
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

the final habitat

A

the small intestine

166
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

before reaching the final habitat, the parasite must pass through the so-called

A

blood-lung phase cycle

167
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Pathogenic

A

both larva and adults

168
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

ause tiny hemorrhages in the alveoli, which incite cellular infiltration and consolidation

A

Migratory larvae

169
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

TOF. Fever, cough, eosinophilia, dyspnea, and rales may be present.

A

T

170
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

The lung condition is referred to as

A

Loeffler’s pneumotitis

171
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Sputum may show plenty of

A

eosinophils, Charcot-Leyden crystals, and at rare times the larvae.

172
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

may have intermittent colicky abdominal cramps, loss of appetite, and protruding abdomen (pot-belly appearance).

A

Children

173
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Allergic manifestations may appear such as

A

asthma-like symptoms and urticaria

174
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

may cause protein-calorie malnutrition or impairment of growth

A

Heavy worm burden

175
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Erratic worms may go to the epiglottis to cause edema that may lead to airway obstruction and therefore,

A

asphyxia

176
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Worms may be entangled to each other resulting to a ball of worms or Ascaris bolus, which may cause

A

intestinal obstruction

177
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

worm is also able to perforate intestinal wall that will result to

A

peritonitis

178
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

worm in the peritoneum can enter the liver to produce

A

Ascaris liver abscess

179
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

dult worms that passed out in the anus or in the mouth can be a sign of

A

erraticism

180
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

To confirm Ascaris Loeffler’s pneumonitis

A

demonstration of larvae in the sputum, or gastric washings, with eosinophils and Charcot-Leyden crystals

181
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Fecal smears for intestinal ascariasis can demonstrate (what morphologies)

A

finding the eggs, unfertilized and/or fertilized (not embryonated in fecal smears

182
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

X-ray of abdomen may show the so- called

A

tramway sign (railroad track-like)

183
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

can also be requested and may show the string sign, wherein the adult worms ingest the contrast material

A

Barium swallow

184
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

drug of choice for Ascaris infection

A

albendazole and mebendazole

185
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

the drug of choice is given for how many days?

A

usually given for 1-3 days

186
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

or heavy infestation, surgery may be required to remove worms, such as

A

Ascaris bolus

187
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

or heavy infestation, surgery may be required repair damage they’ve caused like?

A

intestinal perforations, bile duct blockage, and appendicitis

188
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Drainage may also be done for?

A

liver abscess

189
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Diagnostic Parasitology (36 decks)

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